454 Rh. G. A. Bullerwell—Superficial Deposits 
The northerly flow along the Cheviots was evidently produced by 
a deflection of this easterly or north-easterly flow from the Tweed 
Valley. On the sandstone of Bewick Hill are striations pointing 
direct north and south. 
Description oF Sanps and Gravets.—Sands and gravels cover the 
tract between the high land ahove Wooler and Glanton Pike, and are 
bounded on the west by the Old Red Sandstone conglomerates or 
~Basement Beds of the Carboniferous Series. The eastern limit is 
more difficult to define, but gravel and sand deposits abut against the 
Carboniferous rocks of Bewick Hill, and may extend into the 
Eglingham Valley. They form hummocks and meandering ridges 
continually dividing and reuniting in a most confusing and irregular 
manner, but with the long axes of the ridges most frequently running 
north and south. In the lower valley of the Breamish the sands 
and gravels are more diffused, but this may be due to subsequent 
re-arrangement by later agencies. The mounds and ridges may be well 
seen between Wooperton Station and New Bewick where the road 
crosses them, also between East Lilburn and the same station where 
the view looking towards Bewick Hill embraces a large tract covered 
with kame-formed ridges of gravel. The undulating formation is most 
pronounced in the areas adjacent to the river valleys where the deposits 
are thickest. In several cases the sands are cut through by streams 
and present steep sloping faces fronting the valleys. Such banks may 
be seen in Coldgate Water, Roddam Dean, near Kast Lilburn, and below 
Hedgeley Low Farm (Fig. 1, Pl. XX XV). The sand is composed of 
coarse irregular grains, and contains occasional well-rounded pebbles. 
The deposits generally follow the 300 feet contour-line. 
The section below Hedgeley is almost entirely of sand, but contains ~ 
limestone and porphyritic pebbles. It rises about 40 feet above the 
level of the alluvial plain. The banks may be followed for about 
a quarter of a mile and end in a spit which slopes gently eastward. 
The surface is a plateau, broken here and there into hummocks and 
hollows. 
Many of the hummocks might be described as kame-formed and reach 
the contours of 300 and 400 and in a few cases to the 500 feet line. 
This is the greatest elevation to which it is necessary to refer for the 
purposes of the present paper. Whenever the 300 feet contour is the 
limit and any opportunity whatever given for examining the contained 
pebbles these are seen to be well rounded. 
Generally speaking; coarse gravels are to be seen on the western 
boundary where the deposits abut against the Cheviots, passing into 
finer gravel, followed by sand, with sparsely occurring pebbles as they 
are traced eastward. The gravel is usually composed of material 
derived from rocks in the immediate neighbourhood (porphyrite, etc.), 
but a considerable quantity of it is evidently derived from foreign 
sources. 
Much of the district covered with gravel is tilled, only a small area, 
apart from the low marshy soil of Hedgeley, ete., being devoted to 
pasturage. Where cultivated the soil is invariably heavily charged 
with pebbles of varying texture, and in early spring after heavy rains 
the hummocks resemble nothing so much as mere mounds of loose 
: 
’ 
| 
| 
