at the Foot of the Cheviot Hills. 455 
well-rounded stones. Notwithstanding the thin gravelly soil, however, 
the farmers informed me that good crops are the rule. 
Secrrons.—On the left bank of Wooler Water and following the 
300 feet contour-line, sands and gravels are exposed and may be 
examined between Karle Mill and Coldgate Mill. A few yards south 
of the former the section consists of gravel, sand, and clay, irregularly 
bedded. ‘The gravelis water-worn and rounded. False bedding which 
probably represents a rapid deposition of sand is shown by a banded 
appearance due to alternate layers of material of darker and lighter 
colour. Gravel and sand alternate irregularly with each other, and may 
be seen when the bedding is not obliterated by the falling down of the 
sand and clay from the upper portion of the section. South of this the 
entire section is sand with few pebbles. The bedding is very distinct. 
At a point almost opposite Haugh Head and a few yards below the 
bridge a section showing coarse and fine gravel with sand is exposed. 
The bedding is clear, but layers of the same texture rarely extend 
for any great distance or continue across the entire length of the 
section, which is about 80 feet. The included rocks, which are 
without exception well rounded and water-worn, are of yellow sand- 
stone, Carboniferous Limestone, and porphyrite, the largest being’ of 
arenaceous rock and measuring up to 15 feet in girth, together with 
smaller fragments of quartz, jasper, lydian stone, slate, and Silurian 
greywacke. Some of the gravel is cemented together, the cementing 
material being calcium carbonate. The coarse gravel frequently 
contains washings of fine gravel and sand. The section, which rises 
to about 30 feet above the river-level (see Fig. 2, Pl. XXXY), 
consists of the following :— 
(a) 2% feet, sand. 
(0) 23 feet, fine gravel and sand. 
(c) 6 feet, coarse > gravel. 
) 25 feet, fine gr ravel with a few large boulders. 
(e) 5 ‘feet, coarse gravel, continuous with (g)- 
a2 feet, fine gravel, bedded. 
) About 10 feet, coarse gravel, with bed of fine gravel and sand about 2 feet 
from base. There is much limestone and yellow sandstone and several 
bands of sand and dirty gravel cemented together. Some of the cementing 
matter is oxide of iron, which gives a rusty appearance to the lower portion. 
From this point up to Coldgate Mill are banks of coarse gravel and 
sand usually grass-grown and offering little opportunity for examina- 
tion. Near Coldgate Mill the deposits abut against porphyrites, just 
below the 400 feet contour-line. 
These sands and gravels form a plateau rising here and there into 
hummocks and ridges, ascending gradually to the 400 feet contour- 
line, where they abut against the porphyritic masses of Earle Hill, 
Whinnie Hill, etc. These hills are all divided by valleys, sometimes 
dry, below the 500 feet contour-line. 
Sours Mippieton to Litpurn. — Just below South Middleton is 
a dry valley through porphyrite, and like the maj jority of these valleys 
running north and south. Below this is moraine matter, which 
spreads out eastward, gradually assuming the characteristics of the 
water-worn gravels. Towards Lilburn is a long stretch of rolling 
country, over the surface of which rounded pebbles lie scattered. 
