at the Foot of the Cheviot Hills. 457 
sites of former small lakes, now containing peat lying upon a yellow 
or whitish clay. In each case streams run through the hollows, and 
by diverting the courses of these much former bog land has been 
reclaimed and is now under cultivation. 
Near Wooperton the Roddam Burn cuts through a section in which 
a bed of peat about 2 feet thick rests upon a yellowish-white clay, and 
is covered by a thick deposit of fine sand. The same section is 
continued on the other side of the railway, and from the form of the 
depression the lake must have been at least three-quarters of a mile 
in length. ‘he depression is entirely surrounded by kame-like ridges 
of sand and gravel rising to the 300 feet contour-line. 
At Lilburn is a large depression, surrounded by sands and gravels, 
containing peat in its lowest part, and surrounded by a tract of peaty 
soil. It is drained by a small stream running right through the peat 
and across the flat lake-like basin, where its channel has been diverted. 
A smaller lake, probably connected with this one, lies to the east, 
near Lilburn Grange. 
North of Glanton Pike is a cup-shaped hollow representing another 
ancient lake-basin. It is surrounded by sands and gravels at the foot 
of Glanton Pike and a porphyritic offshoot of the Cheviots. Within 
this is a considerable thickness of peat surrounded by a tract of peaty 
soil. This basin is drained by the Powburn. 
South of the Lilburn and just below Lilburn South Steads is another 
of these peat-covered tracts. This partakes more of the nature of 
a bog than a lake, and may have been flooded by overflow water from 
the Lilburn through a narrow channel which connects it with that 
stream. 
At the head of Kingston Dean below the village of Ilderton two 
small streams unite and enclose near their junction a triangular-shaped 
area of peat. The valley, a deep trench through Old Red Sandstone 
conglomerate, is narrow, and the lake thus formed must have been of 
very limited dimensions. 
Another lake-basin is above North Middleton, and a smaller deposit 
of peat, Cresswell Bog, opposite Haugh Head, Wooler, ‘in which 
skeletons of the red deer were found in 1830, represents an overflow 
basin of the Wooler Water. 
Conctustons.—The sections show that the sands and gravels were 
deposited under water, and the false and irregular bedding seems to 
indicate rapid deposition. The material, though to a large extent 
derived from the immediate neighbourhood, includes many rocks that 
are foreign. The source of supply of this material is readily found 
when we recognize the source of the drift on the flanks of the Cheviots 
and the moraine matter in the dry valleys with which these lower 
sands and gravels are connected. The debris is derived partly from local 
rocks and partly from foreign erratics left by ice-streams which overran 
the Cheviots from the north and south-west. The rivers together with 
water flowing through the present dry valleys fed from the glaciers 
and glacial lakes at higher altitudes, carried with them the moraine 
matter, rolling and rounding the rock fragments in their torrents, 
vet not quite obliterating all evidences of their glacial origin. ‘These 
streams flowing into the same valley at the foot of the hills must have 
