524 Brief Notices. 
important caverns and subterranean watercourses. These features 
are to some extent naturally dependent on tectonic structure, but 
all points are duly discussed—the folds and fractures, the mineral 
composition of the limestones and dolomites, the organic remains, 
notably of coral and crinoid, and the various kinds of weathering. 
The different forms of caverns and grottoes, the stalactites and 
stalagmites, tufa, swallow-holes, and underground channels are fully 
described ; and the whole subject is illustrated by pictorial views and 
many charming vignettes, by diagrams, plans, geological maps, and 
geological sections, The living fauna and flora as well as Pleistocene 
and later organic remains receive attention, and there are abundant 
references to the literature. 
2. Tue ‘‘CEnozorc Mammat Horizons or Western Norte America” 
are dealt with by Professor H. F. Osborn (Bulletin 361, U.S. Geol. 
Survey), and Mr. W. D. Matthew contributes an appendix comprising 
faunal lists of the Tertiary mammalia of the West. Various 
mammalian zones are recognized, from the Polymastodon zone of 
the basal Eocene to the Zguus zone of the Pleistocene; and Professor 
Osborn concludes ‘‘ that North America promises to give us a nearly 
complete and unbroken history of the Tertiary in certain ancient 
regions, which are, after all, comparatively restricted’’. 
3. A ‘‘Descrrption oF New Carnivores FRoM THE MIocENE OF 
Western Nesraska’’ has been contributed by Mr. O. A. Peters to 
the Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, vol. iv, No. 5 
(undated). The forms include species of Daphenodon, Borocyon, 
Cynodesmus, and Tephrocyon, belonging to the Canide; and Paroligo- 
bunis, belonging to the Mustelide. 
4. Wr have received the first part of a work entitled ‘‘ GzrotociscHE 
CHARAKTERBILDER”’, edited by Dr. H. Stille, and comprising six 
beautiful illustrations, with descriptions, by E. Philippi, of ‘‘ Eisberge 
und Inlandeis in der Antarcktis”’ (Berlin, 1910). 
5. ‘*GEOLoGY IN RELATION To Crvitn Eneinrerine,”’ by Mr. Robert 
Boyle, Assoc.M.Inst.C.E., President of the Glasgow University 
Geological Society, has been published by John Smith ‘& Co., Glasgow, 
price is. It is a small work of 19 quarto pages, and contains brief 
practical suggestions on the relation between geology and constructive 
works such as roads, railways, bridges, docks, etc., as well as on water- 
supply. As the author remarks, ‘‘ Success or failure in an engineering 
scheme depends largely on geological conditions.’”” General remarks 
are also given on geology, field-work, and the use of maps and 
sections ; but it may be observed that it is not often that the geologist 
has to work out the true dip of strata by trigonometrical methods. 
The author devotes more space than appears necessary to igneous 
rocks and petrology, illustrating the subjects of road-metal, building- 
stone, etc., by microscopic sections. ‘These are matters that few 
engineers can deal with personally, and the advice of a specialist should 
be sought when necessary. 
6. Liverpoot Grotocicat Socrety.—In commemoration of the Jubilee 
of this Society, a small but interesting volume, A Retrospect of 
