Reviews—H. B. Woodwara’s Geology of the London District. 569 
A boring by the New River Company at Turnford, near Cheshunt, 
reached Silurian strata at 796 feet. : 
At Crossness 52 feet of hard red and grey micaceons and quartzose 
rocks, red shales, and grey sandstones were met with (suggestive of 
Devonian rocks), but no fossils are recorded. 
At Streatham boring 138 feet of reddish and purplish sandstones of 
New Red (or possibly Devonian?) age were passed through. Some 
of these doubtful red rocks may prove to be stained Carboniferous 
strata, as suggested by Mr. Whitaker.’ These borings have also 
yielded rocks of Great Oolite age. 
“Thus we find at a depth of 1,000 feet and more under London 
strata the representatives of which come to the surface about 100 miles 
distant on the west. There is evidence, however, that the Jurassic 
strata occur under London in the form of a denuded anticline, as on 
the west and north-west the Kimeridge Clay, Portland and Purbeck 
Beds, are the nearest of the exposed Jurassic rocks; on the east, 
beneath Chatham, the Oxford Clay has been reached, and on the 
south-east higher Jurassic divisions occur. No representatives of 
the series are present below Crossness.”’ (p. 8.) ; 
In short we find that the synclinal fold of Cretaceous rocks in which 
the London Tertiary basin lies, rests upon a denuded anticline of older 
Secondary rocks whose base consists of Paleeozoics of Carboniferous 
and in part of Devonian and even Silurian strata. 
Fifteen sections in the text and a contour-map, with a general 
geological section showing the relations of the rocks along a line 
across the London Basin from Watford to near Shoreham, serve 
admirably to illustrate the Cretaceous and Tertiary Series and their 
distribution at the surface over the London district as set forth by 
the author in Chapters III and IV, whilst the faults and disturbances 
to which these formations have been subjected are described in 
Chapter V. The surface configuration marked by the Pliocene and 
older Drifts are considered in Chapter VI, and the Pleistocene and 
newer Plateau Drifts and Glacial Deposits in Chapter VII. More 
attention is given to the contours which affect the water-partings and 
the river-courses, in illustration of which a useful little map by 
Mr. A. Strahan is introduced on p. 62 to show the Thames and its 
affluents from the Cotteswolds to the Nore. 
The Plateau and Valley Gravels and the Terraces along the river- 
course have furnished a very interesting chapter in the history of 
early Man in the Thames Basin (Chapter VIII). We obtain exact 
evidence of Man in the Paleolithic age, by his various types of flint 
implements (see figs. 18-16, pp. 79-80), from the high and low 
level gravels corresponding in relative antiquity with those of 
La Madélaine, Solutré, Le Moustier, St. Acheul, and from Chelles 
(Seine-et-Marne) in the French caves and gravel deposits. Moreover, 
their occurrence has been observed for more than 200 years, ‘‘a British 
weapon found with Elephant’s tooth”’ having been dug up in Gray’s 
Inn Lane about 1690 and since preserved in the British Museum 
(p. 79). Added to the flint implements left by early Man, as evidence 
| Address to the Geological Society, Q.J.G.S., vol. lvi, p. 83, 1900. 
