Reviews—Daubrée’s Subterranean Waters. Bi 
region (the Oued-Rhir) are very ancient, and there are reasons for 
supposing that the employment of this method of obtaining water 
was older than the Arab conquest of the country. He then enumerates 
and partly illustrates by plan and section, as many as five distinct 
artesian basins, in a traverse from south to north through the Province 
of Constantine, corrresponding to the undulations of the Quater- 
nary (?) beds of the Sahara. 
Under the heading ‘terrains crétacés” important plans and 
sections are given of localities in France. Not the least interesting 
are the phenomena in the Department of the Aube, where the waters 
percolating the porous Upper Chalk are thrown out by the lower 
‘marls. It is thus that the base of the chalk cliff is marked by 
numerous springs, some of them powerful enough to turn mills; 
amongst these is the source of the Vanne beneath the viilage of 
Fontvannes, which affords a supply of water to Paris itself. The 
spring of la Folletiére in the Calvados boiling up from the 
glauconitic chalk is pictorially represented. But the most important 
of all under the heading “ Cretaceous” is the account given of the 
artesian borings at Paris itself, which, as previously observed, is in 
the centre of one of the most perfect basins perhaps to be found 
anywhere. The boring at Grenelle, which occupied seven years, 
after traversing some 50 métres of Tertiary beds and the whole of 
the White and Grey Chalk, attained a depth of 547 métres, when 
water was found abundantly in the Greensand. A section of this 
pioneer deep-boring, drawn to scale, together with certain well- 
known buildings of Paris for comparison, will be found on page 210, 
vol.i. Many interesting details of subsequent borings are also given. 
Dealing with the English Cretaceous, Mons. Daubrée reproduces 
some of the sections of Mr. Lucas with respect to the North Downs, 
and of Mr. Robert Mortimer with respect to the Chalk Wolds of 
Yorkshire. From the latter writer many interesting facts connected 
with this subject are abstracted; but a portion of these is unfor- 
tunately placed under the heading “Oxfordshire and Whitshire,” 
betraying an indifference to British geography of which we have a 
further example (p. 351, vol.i.), where the author seems to fancy that 
the Swailow-holes of Ingleborough and Castleton are in the neigh- 
bourhood of Bristol! Still dealing with the Cretaceous, he adduces 
many important instances in relation to springs, etc., more or less 
illustrated by plans and sections, from the north of France, Belgium, 
Westphalia, etc., touches very briefly upon Ireland, and concludes by 
reproducing some very elaborate sections by M. Dru relative to the 
Caucasus. 
The beds of Jurassic age, as M. Daubrée remarks, with their 
fissured limestones and stiff marls or clays, are eminently calculated 
to produce springs. Many interesting cases are quoted, and amongst 
others he reproduces a section through Rutland by Prof. Judd, which 
is intended to show two separate water-lines, one at the junction of — 
the Inferior Oolite and Upper Lias, the other at the junction of the 
Marlstone-rock with the clays of the Middle Lias. We may here 
take the opportunity of observing that few places in England present 
