38 Reviews—Daubrée’s Subterranean Waters. 
such a number of boiling springs, or river-heads, as does the Vale of 
Pickering in East Yorkshire, where the porous and fissured Tabular 
Hills, composed mainly of Corallian rocks, sloping and dipping to 
the south, are underlain by Oxford Clay, and faulted against the 
Kimmeridge Clay, capped by Drift, forming the Vale itself. This 
region illustrates most admirably not only the “ Role des lithoclases,” 
but also the “‘ Réle du contact,” ete. 
After dealing with the Trias and Permian, the Paleozoic and 
Crystalline rocks, M. Daubrée concludes this important chapter 
by considering the phenomena in connection with metalliferous veins. 
But that these latter are discussed more fully in the companion work 
(Les eaux souterraines aux époques anciennes), the subject might 
seem to be treated somewhat briefly, since, from a geological point 
of view, there can be no more interesting theme than the connection 
between existing mineral springs and the associated deposits in the 
fissures through which such waters have passed. Instances are 
quoted from Plombiéres, Carlsbad, etc. ; in the latter case with ample 
illustration, the main point being to show that the hot springs of the 
region of the Sprudels occur at the intersection of two systems of 
fracture. 
The part played by caves in the system of underground waters is 
treated fully by the author; and since this division of the subject 
lends itself to pictorial illustration, there are several photographs of 
well-known sources. The fountain of Vaucluse is one so celebrated 
that Mons. Daubrée dwells at considerable length on its details as 
related by the MM. Bouviet. Truly a river of limpid water, full of 
trout and eels, issuing out of the hard and arid Urgonian limestone, 
it is just one of those spots which have given rise to all sorts of 
ingenious and even romantic speculations. It seems to be the sad 
mission of scientific inquiry to knock all these sort of notions on the 
head. Given a region of some hundreds of square kilométres of arid 
limestone without springs or wells, and at the same time seamed 
by dry ravines—if rain falls on such a desert in any quantity, a 
portion of this water must have an outlet somewhere. The con- 
ditions which determine the discharge are perhaps more complex 
than in the case of mere surface drainage. 
The remainder of Book I. is occupied with the consideration of 
the phenomena of water forced upwards by the pressure of its own 
or of other gases. The various sprudels and so-called mud volcanoes 
come under the latter denomination. Very interesting details are 
given of a boring at Montrond (Loire). The phenomena of geysers 
are then dealt with, not forgetting those of the Yellowstone Park, 
and of New Zealand. Before dealing with actual volcanoes, M. 
Daubrée introduces the subject of “soffionis,” i.e. jets of vapour 
endowed with a high temperature, which are projected from certain 
fractures of the ground. The best examples of this class occur in 
the boracic arid district of Tuscany, of which a tolerably full account 
is given, accompanied by many illustrations. According to the section 
(vol. i. p. 405), the country consists of Pliocene clays, Eocene lime- 
stone and shales, Cretaceous beds and Lias, all considerably plicated, 
