Notices of Memoirs—Prof. Sollas—Geology of Wicklow. 1381 
titanic iron ore occur in the diamond-bearing sand, and both of 
these minerals are characteristic constituents of serpentine. 
All the facts thus far collected indicate serpentine, in the form of 
a decomposed eruptive peridotite, as the original matrix of the 
diamond. 
T1].—Perrmian Fossits From SPITzZBERGEN. 
ANMARKNINGAR OM PERMFOSSIL FRAN SPETSBERGEN, AF BERNHARD 
Lunperen. Bihang till K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handlingar. Bad. 
18 (1887), Afd. iv. No. 1, pp. 3—26, t. 1. 
HE fossils from Spitzbergen which by de Koninck! and Geinitz 
were accepted as proving the Permian character of the beds in 
which they occurred, were shown subsequently by Lindstrém to be 
associated with species which, in other localities, are distinctly 
characteristic of the true Carboniferous Limestone, and the Spitz- 
bergen strata, in which this intermingling of Carboniferous and 
Permian fossils takes place, have therefore been termed the Permo- 
carbon series. In the Swedish expedition to this island in 1882, 
Nathorst and De Geer discovered in Belsund and Tcefjord a series of 
rocks, principally shales and sandstones, reaching a thickness of about 
300 métres, which rests upon the thick mass of cherty and siliceous 
rocks of the Permo-carbon series, and are overlaid by rocks with Trias 
fossils. A scanty fauna, entirely marine, was found in this sandstone 
and shale series, and is described in this paper by Prof. Lundgren. 
It consists principally of small Brachiopods and Lamellibranchs 
with a single Coral, Stenopora columnaris, Schlot. Some of these 
forms are identical with, and others are closely allied to, those in 
the Permian series of England, Germany, Petschora-land, and the 
North-west of North America. In these Spitzbergen rocks all the 
fossils are distinctly of a Permian type, and the Carboniferous Lime- 
stone forms have quite disappeared, thus showing a gradual extinction 
of these latter before the deposition of this series, which may justly 
be regarded as Permian. Prof. Lundgren figures the new forms, 
which are of a dwarfed character. G. J. H. 
TV.—PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOLOGY OF WICKLOW AND 
Wexrorp. By Professor Sotuas, LL.D., F.G.S. 
Q* rocks older than the Cambrian examples probably occur in the 
Carnsore district, but most of the presumed Archean rocks are 
to be explained as crushed igneous dykes and flows. The Cambrian 
are certainly unconformably succeeded by the Ordovician. 
The main granite of the district is a truly intrusive rock; but at 
its junction with the Ordovician which it penetrates, it possesses 
the characters of a true gneiss, the schistosity of which corresponds 
in direction with that of the adjoining schists, having resulted from 
earth-movements which took place after the Ordovician and before 
the Lower Carboniferous period. 
1 Bull. de l’Acad. Royale de Belgique, ser. 1, vols. 13, 16. 
