136 Reports and Proceedings— 
dark-coloured, associated with grits and conglomerate, contained the 
only useful coals of the colony. These coals were peculiarly lami- 
nated and contained much ash; the seams were destitute of sand- 
stones and often eroded on the upper surface. These characters 
might indicate subaqueous origin. Owing to the irregularity of the 
seams, the views generally formed of the coal-resources of the 
colony may be exaggerated. The upper subdivisions of the Storm- 
berg Beds, the Red Beds, shales and sandstones of a red colour, the 
Cave Sandstone, a massive, fine-grained bed 150 feet thick, weather- 
ing white, and the bedded amygdaloidal lava-flows and tuffs that 
cap the whole, were but briefly noticed, as but few opportunities 
had offered for examining them. 
Some petrological details were given of the contemporaneous and 
intrusive traps, all appearing to contain the same constituents as the 
overlying subaerial traps, and doubtless belonging to the same series 
of volcanic outbursts. 
The author proceeded to review the lie of the rocks and physical 
structure of the country, distinguishing between the area of older 
rocks near the coast and the later deposits commencing with the 
Dwyka Conglomerate of the interior. There was apparently uncon- 
formity at the base of this conglomerate ; it and the overlying Hcca 
Beds were thrown into folds and occupied the Karoo Plains, whilst 
the ranges to the northward were formed of the higher beds, all 
nearly horizontal and resting quite unconformably on the Ecca Beds. 
These ranges had been carved out by denudation, which had removed 
the Molteno, Karoo, and Stormberg Beds to the south and north. 
The view advocated by Mr. Dunn that the Kimberley Beds north of 
the ranges represented the Ecca Beds to the south was discussed, 
and the author gave reasons for dissenting from it, and classing the 
Kimberley Beds as a higher subdivision. 
Some notes on more recent formations, the conglomerates of 
Oliphant’s River and superficial deposits, were followed by a summary 
of the author’s conclusions as to the probable geological history of 
South Africa. The Bokkeveldt Beds are shown by their fossils to 
be marine, and possibly all the formations up to the Zuurberg Quart- 
zite may be also marine. The Ecca Beds have yielded no fossils 
which would enable us to decide whether they are marine or fresh- 
water ; the Kimberley, Karoo, and Stormberg Beds are looked upon 
as lacustrine. 
3. “On Two New Lepidotoid Ganoids from the early Mesozoic 
Deposits of Orange Free State, South Africa.” By A. Smith Wood- 
ward, Esq., F.G.S. 
Of the two species of fishes described in the present paper, one 
was founded on specimens of four individuals brought to England by 
Dr. H. Exton in 1888, together with the types of Tritylodon and 
Rhytidosteus, the other on two examples recently received from the 
same source. Both were from the Stormberg Beds of the Upper 
Karoo series. 
After giving further details of the structure of both forms, and 
describing the head and opercular fold, appendicular skeleton and 
