242 Dr. G. J. Hinde—Spitzbergen Chert-Deposits. 
Permo-Carboniferous series on the West and South-west shores of 
Spitzbergen has been kindly furnished to me by Dr. Nathorst. 
Some of the particulars were only obtained by the last Swedish 
Expedition. Dr. Nathorst makes four divisions in the series, which 
altogether is over 2000 m. in thickness. The lowest of these, which 
rests on red and green shales, regarded as Devonian, is the Ursa 
sandstone, which contains land-plants and corresponds to the 
European Culm or Scotch Calciferous Sandstone. In one locality, at 
Middle Hook in Bell Sound, Dr. Nathorst discovered in this division 
some intercalated marine deposits, consisting of dark schists with 
tracks of Annelids (‘‘ Fucoids”), Encrinital fragments, and a few 
siliceous Sponges. 
2. Cyathophyllum Limestone. — This division comprises impure 
limestones with thin layers of chert and gypsum, also bituminous 
limestones with Corals, Fusuline, ete. 
3. Spirifer Limestone—From this division most of the fossils 
described from the Permo-Carboniferous series in Spitzbergen have 
been obtained, though it is not more than 10 métres in thickness. 
4. Productus-chert.—This division consists mainly of chert and 
siliceous rocks. Some of the beds are rich in Producti and other 
fossils, and are thus more or less calcareous; other beds are dark 
siliceous schists or shales, with a few Crinoidal remains and Polyzoa. 
It will be shown that the cherty beds are in places largely made up 
of the remains of siliceous sponges. Most of the fossil sponges yet 
known from Spitzbergen are from the lower beds of this division, 
which varies from 375 to 400 métres in thickness. 
A section of this division, exposed on the North Axel’s Island in 
Bell Sound, was measured by de Geer in 1882, and the result has 
been communicated to me by Dr. Nathorst. It is of interest as 
showing the thickness of the different chert beds, and is reproduced 
below. 
Summit—PeErmian SuHares, Marus, AnD SANDSTONES—800M. 
métres 
1. Black siliceous schist ue ste ane sie ase 8:9 | 
2. Black chert not ak set ie ob0 dod 5-1 
Sablack i, 3 Ae a5 ae Soo ew) 
4. Yellow ,, ... bate ike ht a ias cad ALA Mea Sool. | ob) 
Onblackigueanuiens Life abs ASE ne Sd pe | | RS I eI 
62, Yellows une ae ae ae ish a a onto || a 
Ue Blacks es ID, |) Ss 
8. Yellow ,, 7191/0 
9. Dark siliceous schist... “9 | £ 
10. Yellow chert.. : 95°8 $s 
11. Dark gray siliceous schist 8 
12. Yellow siliceous schist 47°8| 2 
ie Black | i. 4:2] 8 
14. Yellow ,, A 46:3 | 3S 
15. Black Rs ie 9514 
16. Yellow chert... 12°5 | 
ieDarka, ')),, 14-0 
18. Yellow ,, 4-2 | 
19. Black 5 58°5 J 
| 
402-1 
