302 C. E. De Rance—Age of Clwydian Caves. 
in a gorge of the Elwy, a little above its junction with the Clwyd, its 
mouth being 100 feet above the river and 200 feet above the sea; the 
cavern, he states, communicates with the surface by fissures, which, 
like the surface, are occupied by Northern Drift. Sedimentary 
deposits containing bones and teeth of Hyena, Bear, and Rhinoceros, 
filled the cavern mostly to the roof; these were divided into two beds 
by a crust of stalagmite; the lower bed, he states, ‘was below the 
level of the entrance from the face of the cliff, and contains bones 
and teeth enveloped in sediment, and mixed with smooth pebbles 
like those of the adjacent river, and fragments of wood.” Above 
the stalaemite the upper bed consisted of “calcareous loam contain- 
ing bones and angular fragments of limestone, on the surface of 
which,” he stated, ‘“‘are sand and marl containing fragments of 
marine shells like those dispersed over the neighbouring district. 
The sediment within the cave is generally finely laminated.” The 
author points out that the lower bed must have been derived from the 
river, when it flowed at a different level; he states that marks of teeth 
on the bones prove the cave to have been the home of carnivora, and 
that it was subaerial for some time, allowing the stalagmite to form, 
and states, that Dr. Traill noticed that the laminz of the overlying 
deposit conform to the dip of the limestone, and attributes this also to 
fluviatile action, subsequent to the marine irruption from above. Mr. 
Trimmer illustrates bis remarks by the following section : 
a. Level of the entrance of the cave. 
b. Deposit of mud, covered by stalagmite and containing bones, with rounded 
pebbles of grauwacke and limestone and pieces of wood. 
c. Mud, bones, and angular fragments of limestone. 
d. Sand and silt, with fragments of marine shells. 
e. A fissure communicating with the surface. 
Ff. Northern drift spread over the surface of the country. 
g. Portion of the cave cleared of mud. 
h. River Elwy, 100 feet below the cave. 
z. Limestone rock, 
In 1863 the “Geologist”! states that bones in the possession 
of Colonel Watkin Wynn, discovered in the Cefn Cave, were 
examined and named by Dr. Falconer, and found to belong to 
1 Geologist, vol. vi. p. 114, 1863. 
