318 Notice of Memoir—J. A. Brown—Mammoth at Southall. 
proximity to the remains, and a well-formed spear-head nearly five 
inches in length, of exactly the same shape as the spear-heads of 
obsidian until recently in use among the natives of the Admiralty 
Islands and other savages, was discovered in actual contact with the 
bones. Smaller spear-head flakes less symmetrically worked were 
also found at this spot. They are formed for easy insertion into the 
shafts by thinning out the butt end, similar to those found abundantly 
by the author at the workshop floor, Acton, and described by him in 
his lately published work, ‘ Paleolithic Man in N.W. Middlesex.” 
Among the implements found here is an unusually fine specimen of 
the St. Acheul or pointed type, 8 inches long, of rich ochreous 
colour and unabraded, and a well-formed lustrous thick oval imple- 
ment pointed at one extremity, rounded at the other, and also 
unrolled. 
From the adjacent excavations in the Windmill Road several good 
specimens of Paleolithic work were also obtained, including two 
dagger implements with heavy unworked butts and incurved sides 
converging to a long point; these were evidently intended to be used 
in the hand without hafting. Also a form of instrument character- 
istic of the older river drift, convex on one side and slightly concave 
on the other near the point and partly worked at the butt; with 
these were two rude choppers or axes, two points of implements 
with old surfaces of fracture, and several flakes. It is remarkable 
that almost all the principal types of flint implements found in 
the oldest drift deposits are represented in the collection found 
in the vicinity of the remains of the Elephant. Mr. J. Allen 
Brown accounts for the deposit of the remains of the Mammoth 
and associated human relics at this locality by the fact that the 
underlying Hocene bed rises to within two or three feet of the 
surface a few yards west of the spot where the bones and imple- 
ments were found, while towards the Uxbridge Road and upper 
part of Windmill Lane, the drift deposits thicken, until at no great 
distance they have a thickness of 14 to 17 feet. Thus the river- 
drift rapidly thins out and the upward slope of the London Clay 
reaches nearly to the surface at about the 90th foot contour, and as 
the level at which the fossils were found (18 feet from the surface) 
would represent the extent of the erosion and infilling of the valley 
which had then taken place, it is probable that the higher ground 
formed by the up-slope of the London Clay then formed the banks 
of the ancient river, or if another thick bed of drift should be found 
still further west, in a depression of the Tertiary bed, such as often 
occurs. The intervening higher ground would form a small island 
in the stream, in either case a habitual land surface would be formed, 
with shallow tranquil waters near the banks, not impinged upon by 
the currents which subsequently set in this direction as shown by 
the deposit of coarse stratified gravel above the loamy bed and 
remains. 
The author is thus led to the conclusion that the carcase of the 
Elephant either drifted into the shallow water near the bank, or 
else, which seems more probable from the presence of so many 
