Correspondence— Prof. Edward Hull. 033 
or newer than the Boulder-clay east of Grantham. Mr. Deeley 
regards it as older because the material is similar to that of his older 
Pleistocene sands ; he may be right, but neither I nor my colleagues 
have found any deposits elsewhere in Lincolnshire which could be 
regarded as distinct from, and older than, the great chalky Boulder- 
clay. 
The only locality where any great mass of Glacial gravel exists 
is around Benniworth, near Donnington, and this will be described 
in the forthcoming memoir on Sheet 83 of the Geological Survey 
Map. There, if anywhere, will Mr. Deeley find the analogue of his 
Older Pleistocene ; but J very much doubt whether clays containing 
Pennine detritus ever extended so far to the east. If any Older 
Pleistocene deposits existed in Hast Lincolnshire, I should expect 
them to be rather of the Cromer than of the Pennine type. 
With regard to the marine origin of the Newer Glacial clays, I 
would call attention to the remarkable deposits near Kirmington in 
North Lincolnshire, where laminated loams and sands containing 
perfect shells are associated with Boulder-clay of the Hessle type in 
such a way as to lead to the conclusion that they all belong to one 
group. These beds were carefully studied by Mr. C. Reid, and it is 
to be hoped that a description of them may soon be published. 
The most surprising statement in Mr. Deeley’s article is that many 
geologists regard the glaciated surfaces beneath the Drift of Lancashire 
as caused by large icebergs grating along the bottom of a sea about 
1200 feet deep! He must have strangely misunderstood the views 
of those who believe the strize to have been caused by sea-ice, and 
surely a little consideration will enable him to see that every single 
striated surface might have been glaciated in shallow water during 
the progress of a gradual submergence. I certainly never heard of 
any one who supposed that no such action occurred till the water was 
1200 feet deep. 
Mr. Deeley has done good work in the Midlands; let me recommend 
him to take his note-book into Lincolnshire, and when he publishes 
his observations, to keep his facts rigidly apart from his theories. 
Surrtey, Souruampron. A. J. JuKres-Browne. 
DISCOVERY OF LOWER CARBONIFEROUS BEDS IN UPPER EGYPT. 
Sir,—The discovery of Lower Carboniferous beds in the wild 
region between the Nile and the Gulf of Suez adds a new feature of 
interest to the Geology of Egypt. The announcement is contained 
in a memoir by Dr. Schweinfurth, of Cairo, of which he has been 
kind enough to forward me a copy containing the result of an ex- 
ploration by himself and M. Walther, of Jena, into the valley of the 
Arabah, and communicated to the Egyptian Institute.’ At first I was 
somewhat startled by the title and the early pages of the memoir, as 
the members of the Expedition of the Palestine Exploration Society 
(1883—4) had failed to notice any Carboniferous beds in the Wadi 
Arabah, at the head of the Gulf of Akabah, until we lighted upon 
1 «Sur une récente Exploration Géologique de l’Ouadi Arabah,” Le Caire, 1888. 
