Dr. George M. Dawson—Glaciation of British Columbia. 347 
of Cyclopteris obliqua attached to a thick rachis 23 cm. in length, 
the pinnule is not perfectly preserved, and there are no signs of a 
corresponding one on the other side; the rachis is of similar appear- 
ance to the one in my specimen. 
In the present state of our knowledge it would be premature to 
speak positively as to the claims of Cyclopteris to be considered a 
distinct form, the specimen before us, however, seems to justify our 
retaining for the present Brongniart’s original genus. 
Il].—Recent OBSERVATIONS ON THE GLACIATION OF BnriTISH 
CoLtumBIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS. 
By Gzo. M. Dawson, D.Sc., F.G.S., 
Assistant Director, Geological Survey of Canada. 
es observations in British Columbia? have shown that 
at one stage in the Glacial period—that of maximum glaciation 
—a great confluent ice-mass has occupied the region which may be 
named the Interior Plateau, between the Coast Mountains and Gold 
and Rocky Mountain Ranges. From the 55th to the 49th parallel 
this great glacier has left traces of its general southward or south- 
eastward movement, which are distinct from those of subsequent 
local glaciers. The southern extensions or terminations of this con- 
fluent glacier, in Washington and Idaho Territories, have quite 
recently been examined by Mr. Bailley Willis and Prof. T. C. 
Chamberlin, of the U.S. Geological Survey. There is, further, 
evidence to show that this inland-ice flowed also, by transverse 
valleys and gaps, across the Coast Range, and that the fiords 
of the coast were thus deeply filled with glacier-ice which, 
supplemented by that originating on the Coast Range itself, 
buried the entire great valley which separates Vancouver Island 
from the mainland and discharged seaward round both ends of the 
island. Further north, the glacier extending from the mainland 
coast touched the northern shores of the Queen Charlotte Islands. 
The observed facts on which these general statements are based 
have been fully detailed in the publications already referred to, and 
it is not the object of this note to review former work in the region 
further than to enumerate the main features developed by it, and to 
add to these a summary of observations made during the summer of 
1887 in the extreme north of British Colombia, and in the Yukon 
basin beyond the 60th parallel, which forms the northern boundary 
of that province. 
The littoral of the south-eastern part or “coast strip” of 
Alaska presents features identical with those of the previously 
examined coast of British Columbia, at least as far north as lat. 59°, 
beyond which I have not seen it. The coast archipelago has 
has evidently been involved in the border of a confluent glacier 
which spread from the mainland and was subject to minor variations 
1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxi. p. 89. did. vol. xxxiv. p. 272. Canadian 
Naturalist, vol. vill. 
* Bulletin U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 40, 1887. 
