Dr. George MU. Dawson—Glaciation of British Columbia. 3849 
the silts of the Nechacco basin, further south in British Columbia, 
and to those of the Peace River Country to the east of the Rocky 
Mountains. It may be stated also that the country is generally 
terraced to a height of 4000 feet or more, while on an isolated 
mountain-top near the height of land between the Liard and Pelly 
rivers (Pacific-Arctic watershed) rolled gravel of varied origin was 
found ata height of 4800 feet, a height exceeding that of the actual 
watershed by over 1000 feet. 
Reverting to the statements made as to the direction of the 
general glaciation, the examination of this northern region may now 
be considered to have established that the main gathering-ground or 
névé of the great Cordilleran glacier of the west coast, was included 
between the 55th and 59th parallels of latitude in a region which, 
so far as explored, has proved to be of an exceptionally mountainous 
character. It would further appear that this great glacier extended, 
between the Coast Range and the Rocky Mountains, south-eastward 
nearly to lat. 48°, and north-westward to lat. 63°, or beyond, while 
sending also swollen streams to the Pacific Coast. 
In connection with the northerly direction of ice-flow here 
mentioned, it is interesting to recall the observations which I have 
collected in a recently published report of the Geological Survey, 
relating to the northern portion of the continent east of the 
Mackenzie River.’ It is there stated that for the Arctic coast of the 
Continent, and the Islands of the Archipelago off it, there is a con- 
siderable volume of evidence to show that the main direction of 
movement of erratics was northward. The most striking facts are 
those derived from Prof. 8. Haughton’s Appendix to M‘Clintock’s 
Voyage, where the occurrence is described of boulders and pebbles 
from North Somerset, at localities 100 and 185 miles north-eastward 
and north-westward from their supposed points of origin. Prof. 
Haughton also states that the east side of King-William’s Land is 
strewn with boulders of gneiss like that of Montreal Island, to the 
southward, and points out the general northward ice-movement thus 
indicated, referring the carriage of the boulders to floating-ice of the 
Glacial Period. 
The copper said to be picked up in large masses by the Eskimo, 
near Princess-Royal Island, in Prince-of-Wales Strait, as well as on 
Prince-of- Wales Island,? has likewise, in all probability been de- 
rived from the copper-bearing rocks of the Coppermine River region 
to the south, as this metal can scarcely be supposed to occur in place 
in the region of horizontal limestone where it is found. 
Dr. A. Armstrong, Surgeon and Naturalist to the “Investigator,” 
notes the occurrence of granitic and other crystalline rocks not only 
on the south shore of Baring Land, but also on the hills at some 
distance from the shore. These, from what is now known of the 
region, must be supposed to have come from the continental land to 
the southward. 
1 Notes to accompany a Map of the Northern Portion of the Dominion of Canada, 
East of the Rocky Mountains, p. 57 R., Annual Report, 1886. 
* De Rance, in Nature, vol. xi. p. 492. 
