Geological Society of London. O79 
access to such spots, bringing back species of shells and Crinoids 
that had existed in the Carboniferous-Limestone ocean of an earlier 
period. Some further remarks were made on the peculiar nature of 
the ordinary fauna of the Coal-measures; and the author observed, 
in conclusion, that no marine deposits have been observed as yet in 
the Upper Red beds (d°') of the Fife or other Scotch Coal-measures. 
2. “ Directions of Ice-flow in the North of Ireland, as determined 
by the Observations of the Geological Survey.” By J. R. Kilroe, 
Esq. Communicated by Prof. E. Hull, F.R.S., F.G.S. 
While the strie S.E. of a line drawn from Strangford Lough to 
Galway Bay all trend in one direction, two sets of strizw occur N.W. 
of that line, which are generally at right angles to each other, and 
are frequently seen upon the same rock-surface. The direction of 
one of these is N. by W. in Antrim and Londonderry; N.W. over 
the highlands of Fermanagh; and N.E., N., and N. by W. in 
Donegal, etc. That of the second set is W. 25° S., swinging round 
to W. in Donegal and §.W. towards Galway Bay. and is strikingly 
persistent throughout. A few striations occur which do not conform 
to these directions, and are attributable to local ice-flows. 
The second set of striations was referred to the ice of the Scottish 
Glacial System, and evidence was cited from the researches of Messrs. 
Symes and M‘Henry, Dr. Geikie, and others in support of this 
view, which is confirmed by the relative positions of the boulders 
and their parent rocks. Strie bearing westward have been observed 
at a height of 1100 feet in county Mayo. 
The effects of the Irish Glacial System have been considered by 
the Rey. M. Close, Mr. G. H. Kinahan, and Prof. Hull. Striations 
occur up to 1340 feet in Donegal. The ice of this system flowed 
in a general §.H. direction to the S. of the axis. 
With regard to the relative age of the two sets of striz, it is 
observable that those bearing northward are by far the most numer- 
ous ; so that, although it is reasonable to suppose that a considerable 
accumulation of snow and ice obtained in the Irish area whilst the 
Scotch system was gathering its maximum strength, the striations 
produced by this gathering would be largely effaced by the west- 
ward-flowing Scotch ice; and that, after the decline of the latter, 
an independent Irish Jer de glace flowed northward and southward, 
finding its axis of movement in the great central snow-field. 
3. “ Evidence of Ice-Action in Carboniferous Times.” By John 
Spencer, Hsq., F.G.S. 
The author combated the notion that there is any d priori im- 
probability in the action of ice during the period in question. In 
the case under consideration, of the two agents, land-ice or floating- 
ice, he was inclined to adopt the latter, as having been the cause of 
the phenomena he described. The bed affected is the Haslingden 
Flag-rock, a member of the Millstone-Grit series, which is directly 
covered by a shale of the same series. The surface of this Flag-rock is 
largely striated, the striae having a N.E. and §.W. direction, and being 
nearly parallel. The area exposed is 2U0 square feet. The Flag-rock 
dips to the east at an angle of 50°; but there seems no possibility 
