H. B. Brady—Silurian Lagene. 483 
‘Tine mass. One or two of the fossils exhibit traces of exogenous spiral 
ornament round the neck (Fig. 6), a not uncommon feature of recent 
Lagene and Nodosarig. What is more remarkable is the tendency 
shown in a very large proportion of the specimens to produce a local 
thickening of the neck in the form of an external rim or collar. 
Many years ago Dr. Alcock described some similar flask-like Lagene 
from the shore-sand of Dog’s Bay, Connemara, in the following 
terms :—“ Finely granular in texture, the surface without any raised 
markings, and at the base of the neck a projecting collar.” ! To these 
he gave the name Lagena antiqua. More recently Dr. Marsson has 
figured a costate variety with similar collar from the Chalk at Rigen, 
under a distinct generic name, Capitellina.*, But the fact is that 
ectosolenian Lagene of all kinds may be found with exogenous 
neck-ornament, which may either take the form of a collar, as in 
the present case, or of a series of rings, a spiral thread, scattered 
spines, or a number of symmetrically disposed vertical buttresses. 
Recent specimens exhibiting these and other varieties of neck- 
ornament are figured in Plates lvii. and lwviii. of the Report on the 
‘Challenger’ Foraminifera, and it will be readily seen from them 
how little importance is to be attached to such features as distinctive 
zoological characters: nevertheless, it is exceedingly interesting to 
meet with like morphological conditions amongst the earliest known 
representatives of the genus. That the ring or collar is seldom 
quite symmetrical in the fossil] specimens under notice, probably 
depends either on pressure, many of the shells being to all appear- 
ance crushed ont of shape, or on the unequal weathering of the 
surface, perhaps on both. 
In one or two instances, Fig. 11 is an example, the specimens 
show the remains of superficial coste, though considerably obscured 
by the pressure to which they have been subjected. There need be 
little hesitation in assigning these to the well-known recent species 
Lagena sulcata. 
The localities given with Mr. Smith’s series are Lincoln Hill and 
the railway-cutting at Ironbridge, Dorminton Wood, Benthall Edge, 
Sedgley, and Woolhope. 
From these gatherings we learn that at least four of the varieties 
of Lagena at present living in our seas, namely, Lagena globosa, L. levis, 
L. clavata, and L. sulcata, have a genealogy reaching back to the 
Upper-Silurian epoch. Nothing unfortunately can be said as to 
the probable depth of the deposit in which they have been found, 
inasmuch as similar forms have been taken in the living condition 
at almost every depth from the littoral zone down to 2500 fathoms. 
I may be permitted just to add that the accompanying Plate has 
been drawn by Mr. Hollick, with his accustomed accuracy, direct 
from the specimens. 
1 “Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Manchester,” 1868, ser. 3, vol. ii. p. 176, pl. iv. 
fig. 3. 
"2 Capitellina multistriata, Marsson, 1878, Mitth. nat. Ver. Neu-Vorpom. u. 
Rigen, Jahrg. x. p. 123, pl. i. fig. 3. 
