54 Henry Dewey — Paloiolitliic Flake-implements 



length 3-7 in., breadth 3-1 in., thickness 1-lin. An inadequate drawing is 

 included in Lartet & Christy's Reliquice Aquitanicce, p. 14, fig. 7. Though 

 rather darker in colour, the character and workmanship are identical, and the 

 form must therefore be recognized, not as an accident, but as a type, though 

 round scrapers or planes are seldom met with in the river gravels. Obermaier 

 reproduces one 3 -7 in. long from St. Acheul (Rue de Boves) and classifies it as 

 a grattoir (Die Steingerate des franzosischen Altpalaolitliilcums, fig. 84) 

 dating not from the earliest but the best Chelles period, when hand-axes were 

 the dominant form. 



FIG. 2.— Massive yellowish-grey flake, lustrous and unrolled, with a straight 

 edge on left used as a side-scraper, and on the right towards the top a thick 

 curved edge, worked as a finger rest ; bulb of percussion and flat platform at 

 base. Length 3-3 in., breadth 2-3 in. From the pit east of Craylands Lane, 

 Swanscombe. This is a rare form, and might be mistaken for a knife, but the 

 plain underface on the left shows it was used as a racloir. The mode of 

 holding such an implement (called a knife) was illustrated by the late Professor 

 Commont in £' Anthropologic, xix, p. 551, fig. 40, 1908, reproduced by 

 Obermaier, op. cit., fig. 67<x ; a side-scraper with similar accommodation for 

 the finger is represented in his fig. 99. A few bold striations on the bulbar 

 face of this specimen should not be overlooked. 



Fig. 3. — Round scraper on a broad gabled flake, with a spur at one end of 

 the planing edge; of typical "mahogany" flint as common at Swanscombe, 

 with bulb of percussion, large flat platform, and plain flat bulbar face. The 

 side edges are parallel, as in the later blade-scrapers, but the specimen is 

 rather broad for that category. Length 2-7 in., breadth 1-9 in., thickness 

 0-9 in. A rare form from the Drift, but two specimens somewhat larger were 

 found in the same Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe (now in British Museum), one 

 having a spur in the same position; and a more slender example, from the 

 lower part of the Middle Gravel there, is recorded in ArchcBologia, lxiv, 187 

 (cf. Obermaier, op. cit., fig. 85, from Rue de Boves, St. Acheul). 



FlG. 4. — Yellow-brown ridged flake, with bulb and flat platform at one end 

 and at the other a sloping worked edge ending in a point at the top and 

 extending round a shoulder down the left side. The longer edge on the right 

 also has signs of use, and the plain bulbar face has a number of scratches 

 nearly all parallel with the longitudinal axis. The principal features are the 

 top angle and the steeper shoulder on the left ; no doubt used for scraping. 

 Length 3-2 in., breadth 2-lin. Found in gravel at Milton Street, Swans- 

 combe, Kent. 



Fig. 5. — Black and yellow mottled flake, ridged and slightly notched on 

 either side of the thinner end to form a nose ; the broader end rounded and 

 underface quite plain, the bulb missing. The working end of an implement is 

 often emphasized by one or two side notches, but the present specimen cannot 

 be classed as a borer. Length 3-2 in., breadth 1-7 in. From gravel at Milton 

 Street, Swanscombe, Kent. Similar specimens from St. Acheul are figured 

 by Obermaier (op. cit., figs. 56, 78) and assigned to the Chelles period. 



Fig. 6. — Broad olive-brown flake, with careful shallow working along the 

 right edge, where secondary work indicates use as a side-scraper [racloir). The 

 edge near the point on the left is zigzag and bruised, and the lower edge is 

 thick and rough, the bulb remaining in the lower angle on the right. The 

 bulbar face is not flat, and the edge is chipped in places. Length 4 in., 

 breadth 3 in. From gravel at Milton Street, Swanscombe, Kent. The flaking 

 of this specimen, apart from the result of use, seems to be rather in the style 

 of St. Acheul than of Le Moustier, though in form the resemblance to 

 the latter. type is very striking. Compare specimens from St. Acheul figured 

 by Commont, Les Hommes contemporains du Renne, figs. 45, 51. 



FlG. 7. — Triangular hand-axe, lustrous brown, made from a flake, with 

 bulb at angle of base ; the side edges nearly straight and the lower edge thick 

 and crusted ; worked on both faces along the edges, and the point carefully 

 formed. Length 2-8 in., breadth 1-9 in. From Mill End Pit, near Rickmans- 

 worth. (See Archcsologia, lxvi, p. 196.) 



