Dr. F. H. Hatch — Iron-ores of the United Kingdom. 395 



Ironstones of the Cleveland District. 



Tliicliitcss 

 Geological Formation. Name of Seam. , g eam 



Inferior Oolite 

 Upper Lias 



Middle Lias 



Feet, 

 4-9 



Thickness of 



intervening 



Strata. 



Feet. 



. Top or Oolite Seam 



Strata . . .260 



Main Seam 5|-12 



Shale . . .2-6 



Pecten Seam l|-6 



Shale . .3-7 



Two-foot Seam l£-2i 



Shale . . . 20-30 



Avicula Seam 0-3 



A-3 compared with 1916 figures the production of the Jurassic 

 ironstones as a whole was increased by 45,000 tons per week, 

 equivalent to 2£ million tons per annum. The increase reached this 

 maximum in the first half of the year 1918. But it was not possible 

 to maintain production at that figure on account of the calls of the 

 Army on labour. The increase was made mainly in Northampton, 

 Rutlandshire, and Leicestershire, the quarries in these counties 

 accounting for 59 per cent of the total increase ; but Cleveland, 

 was responsible for 26 per cent and Oxfordshire for 9 per cent. 



The following table, showing the production of the Jurassic iron- 

 stones in relation to the total production of iron-ore in the United 

 Kingdom during 1918, is compiled from returns made to the Ministry 

 of Munitions. 



Production of Iron-ore in the United Kingdom during 1918. 



Cleveland 

 North Lincolnshire 

 Midlands . 

 Kaasay 



Tons. 



4,570,892 



2,639,712 



4,954,087 



88,047 



% 



1,119,215 

 85,419 



37,039 

 1,549,962 



12,252,738 80 



2,791,635 20 



15,044,373 



Total Jurassic Ironstones . 

 Coalfields ..... 



Wales and Forest of Dean 

 Miscellaneous (Ireland, County Durham, and 



Devonshire) ..... 

 West Coast (Haematite) 



Total non-Jurassic Ores and Ironstones 



Grand total . 



With regard to the non-Jurassic iron-ores of this country, the 

 most important are the haematite deposits of Cumberland and 

 Lancashire. These ores are remarkable for their richness in iron 

 and their freedom from both phosphorus and sulphur, and therefore 

 furnish a pig-iron very suitable for the Acid Bessemer process, and 

 yield an exceptionally pure steel. They are consequently in great 

 demand ; and this demand was emphasized during the War by the 

 difficulty at one time experienced in securing sufficient supplies of 

 hematite ore from Spain. Every effort was therefore made to push 

 production to the utmost and many abandoned mines were reopened 

 in order to extract the pillars. 



