Reviews — The North Riding of Yorkshire. 425 



the basic processes. This was necessitated by the shortage in the 

 supplies of foreign Bessemer-grade haematite ores, which had to be 

 replaced by British supplies, derived mainly from the Jurassic 

 ironstones of the Midlands and Cleveland. While the output of ore 

 from the latter region remained more or less normal the tonnage 

 from Lincolnshire and the Midland counties increased largely, and 

 noteworthy developments took place in Northamptonshire, and 

 especially in Oxfordshire. Even the Upper Lias stone of the island 

 of Baasay was drawn on to some extent, though this is unlikely to 

 be an important source of future supply. A considerable amount of 

 the more phosphoric grade of Kiruna ore was also purchased in 

 Sweden through the efforts of the Department. 



The immense increase in steel-production also necessitated the 

 development of British resources of limestone, dolomite, and 

 refractories, as well as the building of a large number of new coke- 

 ovens of improved types. All this was also carried out successfully 

 by the officials of the Department in the face of great difficulties as 

 to transport, labour and financial questions. 



It should be fully recognized that the country owes a debt of 

 gratitude also to the iron and steel makers, who loyally co-operated 

 with the Ministry of Munitions, often against their own personal 

 interests, and rendered great services to the nation at large by their 

 readiness to assist the Government and each other to make the best 

 of the available resources. The organization called into existence 

 for the special purposes of the War has done notable work in laying 

 the foundations of ultimate victory, and we trust that its wise and 

 far-seeing measures will in time of peace lead to a permanent 

 increase in the prosperity of the iron and steel trade, which is one 

 of the mainsprings in the industry of this country. 



Y. — The Nokth Biding of Yorkshire. By Capt. W. J. "Weston, 

 M.A., B.Sc. Cambridge County Handbooks, pp. viii + 161, 

 with illustrations and diagrams and two coloured maps. 

 University Press, Cambridge, 1919. Price 2s. 6d. net. 



THIS volume forms another of the excellent series of county 

 geographies issued by the Cambridge University Press, and 

 deals with the fourth, in size of the English counties, the North 

 Biding being only exceeded by the West Biding, Devonshire, and 

 Lincolnshire. An area of this size naturally shows wide variations 

 in structure, topography, climate, soil, and industry, as is well 

 brought out by the author. The North Biding is clearly divisible 

 into three main regions, the hills in the west consisting of 

 Carboniferous rocks, the central plain of Trias and drift, and the 

 Jurassic moorlands of the east, with the lower ground on the same 

 formation extending from Helmsley, Pickering, and Scarborough to 

 York. All this is classical ground to the geologist, since it is 

 associated with the names of William Smith, Young and Bird, 

 Phillips, and other pioneers of the heroic age, while even in recent 

 times many problems of the greatest interest have there been studied 



