478 Some American Papers on Volcanoes. 



" Explosive Ejectamenta of Kilauea," by S. Powers. Amer. Journ. 

 Sci., vol. xli, pp. 227-43, 1916. 

 Ash deposits are found on the flanks of all the volcanoes of 

 Hawaii. Those of Kilauea represent two eruptive periods, one pre- 

 historic, the younger dating from 1789. The products of the latter 

 consist of bombs, ash, and "thread-lace" scoria, this being the 

 extreme phase of pumice, lava froth carried by the wind. 



"Effects in Mokuaweoweo of the Eruption of 1914," by H. 0. 

 Wood. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xli, pp. 383-408, 1916. 

 A description of the effects in the summit crater of Mauna Loa of 

 the eruption of November-December, 1914, as observed on three 

 ascents. Maps and photographs are given, showing the changes 

 produced by this outbreak. 



" Volcanological Investigations at Kilauea," by T. A. Jaggai', jun. 

 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xliv, pp. 161-220, 1917. 

 The writer recognizes two types of lava in Halemaumau pit; 

 bench magma, which is the main filling of the lava column, and 

 lake magma, which fills saucers and shafts. The former is a product 

 of solidification above normal viscosity, the latter is liquefied below 

 normal viscosity. Measurements of the temperature of the lava are 

 recorded. 



" The Lava-flow from Mauna Loa, 1916," by T. A. Jaggar, jun. 

 Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xliii, pp. 255-88, 1917. 

 A very detailed description of the lava-flow of May, 1916, which 

 brought to a close the eruptive period of 1914-16. Diagrams are 

 given summarizing the relations of the outbreaks to local seismicity 

 and to the fluctuations of the lava-level in Kilauea. Mauna Loa and 

 Kilauea are believed to be connected as correlated gas vents and not 

 as hydrostatic siphons. 



"A Eew Interesting Phenomena in the Eruption of IJsu," by 

 Y. Oinouye. Journ. Geol., vol. xxv, pp. 258-88, 1917. 

 After a preliminary earthquake phase, explosions gave rise to 

 mud-flows, which later developed puff-cones. Marked changes of 

 level occurred in the neighbourhood, and an increase in the height of 

 the cone is attributed to the upthrust of a spine or dome. 



"The Active Volcanoes of New Zealand," by E. S. Moore. Journ. 

 Geol., vol. xxv, pp. 693-714, 1917. 

 There are five more or less active volcanoes, namely, White Island, 

 Tarawera, lluapehu, Ngauruhoe, and Tongariro, lying along a great- 

 N.E.-S.W. fissure. These are described in general terms, with 

 a special account of the eruption of Tarawera in 1886. 



"Physiographic Development of the Tarumai Dome in Japan," by 



H. Simotumai. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. xliv, pp. 87-97, 1917. 



A description, with maps, photographs, and drawings, of the dome 



formed in April, 1909, which is taken as the representative specimen 



of its type. 



