REVIEWS 
Geologic Atlas of the United States: Leavenworth-Smithville Folio, 
Kansas-Missourt. By HrNry Hinps and F. C. GReEEnNE. 
U.S. Geological Survey Geol. Folio No. 206. Pp. 12, maps, ills. 
Washington, D.C., 1917. 
This folio covers a part of northeastern Kansas and northwestern 
Missouri, and is traversed by the Missouri River. The rocks exposed 
are all Pennsylvanian, but embrace four formations—Kansas City, 
Lansing, Douglas, and Shawnee—in order of age from older to younger. 
The lower two are largely limestone, the third largely shale, and the 
fourth chiefly shale, capped by sandstone. They show very little tilting 
or disturbance. The Douglas formation includes thin and unimportant 
beds of coal. Borings have penetrated coal beds of greater thickness 
(up to 36 inches) in formations not exposed. These are found at various 
levels from 600 to 1,200 feet depth. Five coal mines have an annual 
production of 300,000 tons of hard bituminous coal. The limestone 
formations include much rock suitable to yield a “good grade of high 
calcium lime.” 
These quadrangles fall just inside the limits of Kansan glaciation. 
The post-Kansan erosion, however, has been so great that the glacial 
deposits are reduced to narrow strips along the divides, and small patches 
on the valley slopes. The thickness of the drift where it is best preserved 
on the main divides is nearly too feet, and it is not unlikely that there 
was originally about that thickness over the whole surface. In that 
~ case erosion has removed nearly 90 per cent of the glacial formation. 
There has also been some rock erosion by the Missouri and its tributaries 
in post-Kansan time, but in the reviewer’s opinion much less than is set 
forth in this folio. 
It has long been known that the Missouri River is made up of streams 
which were thrown into this drainage basin by glaciation in the Dakotas. 
The Missouri is thus using in this part of its course the valley of a small 
stream, smaller perhaps than Kansas River, which it joined at the site 
of Kansas City. The convergence of drainage in the quadrangles 
covered by this folio is toward the south part of the Leavenworth quad- 
rangle, nearly down to the junction with Kansas River. The main 
streams seem also to be following courses that had been established long 
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