go REVIEWS 
before the Kansan stage of glaciation. The topographic maps seem to 
give no warrant for the view expressed in this folio that Missouri River 
was thrown across a col to connect with Kansas River at a time not 
earlier than the Kansan stage. Certain gravel deposits found at Weston, 
Missouri, and at widely separated intervals farther east are interpreted 
in this folio to be the product of a small stream flowing eastward from 
the present line of the Missouri at Weston, during the Aftonian stage of 
deglaciation, and a sketch map (Fig. 8) is introduced to illustrate this 
conception. The reviewer noted when in field conference with the 
junior author in 1913, and it will also be seen by descriptions given in the 
text, that insufficient evidence has been obtained to establish any stream 
connection between these widely separated exposures of gravelly material. 
It seems remarkable, therefore, that such a fundamental interpretation 
as that of the shifting of the course of one of the largest streams on the 
continent is here suggested. In the reviewer’s opinion these gravel beds 
were deposited in places where water chanced to be issuing from the 
border of the melting Kansan ice sheet, in some cases at levels consider- 
ably above those of the neighboring valley bottoms. In exposures on 
the Kansas City and St. Joseph electric line south of Platte River, which 
are included in the supposed stream deposits, the beds dip southward 
directly away from the valley. In these exposures there is only a gummy, 
slightly pebbly clay above the gravel, such as Shimek has referred to 
water action and named Loveland formation. Hence it is not certain 
that these particular gravel deposits were overridden by the Kansan ice. 
There is a reddish silt deposit covering part of the Kansan till on the 
upland which is referred in this folio to the Loveland formation, and, 
following Shimek, is classed as a water deposit. So far as the reviewer 
has had opportunity to study this reddish silt in Iowa and northwestern 
Missouri he has failed to see any clear evidence that it was laid down in 
water. It is a very different deposit from the gummy, pebbly clay that 
overlies the gravel deposits above noted, being looser textured and free 
from pebbles. It may prove to be a loess of greater age than the wide- 
spread, commonly recognized loess of that region. The reddening seems 
likely to have been produced by deep oxidation in the warm interglacial 
stage between the Kansan and Illinoian stages of glaciation. The loess 
above it is mainly of brown color, but includes layers and lenses of bluish 
loess in its lower part. This loess was not laid down until the Kansan 
drift had been greatly eroded, and is probably of similar age to the loess 
of eastern Iowa and western Illinois, which covers the black soil (Sanga- 
mon) formed on the Illinoian till sheet. RAMS LIGNE 
