102 _. REGINALD A. DALY 
given by Winkler for the Alpine rocks just mentioned. In order 
to reach its present position the magmatic material at Ice River 
“had to travel through at least 10,000 feet of limestone or highly 
calcareous sediments of Cambrian age, and 3,000 feet of more or 
less calcareous shales.”* Allan also finds evidence of resurgent 
carbon dioxide, volatilization of the alkalies, and gravitative 
adjustment in this remarkable complex. Large xenoliths of shale 
and limestone show plainly (p. 190) the introduction of alkaline 
solutions, which have caused in the xenoliths the crystallization 
of feldspars, nephelite, sodalite, and cancrinite, along with many 
lime minerals.” 
Haliburton County, Ontario.—Foye has made a very important 
contribution to the subject as a result of his study of the nephelite 
syenites and adjacent formations in Haliburton County, Ontario.* 
Adams and Barlow had proved a large part of the associated amphi-. 
bolites and pyroxenites to be due to the contact metamorphism 
of thick limestones by numerous granitic sills and “batholiths”’ 
(these described by Foye as laccoliths).4 Foye was able to show 
that the magmatic emanations so largely responsible for this pro- 
found metamorphism were very like the material that went to 
form the nephelite syenite of the region. The total volume of the 
amphibolites thus formed is many times greater than the total 
volume of the nephelite syenite, making all the more probable the 
view that this alkaline rock has been formed pneumatolytically. 
Foye goes farther and concludes that the gases engaged in segregat- 
ing the alkalies included resurgent carbon dioxide (and water), 
derived from the limestones and other interbedded sediments as 
these reacted with the granitic magma. Granite injections and 
limestones together made a ‘‘gigantic steam pack,” from which 
alkaline volatile matter was expelled. Part of this formed a large 
proportion of the amphibolite; a much smaller part was trapped 
ry. A. Allan, Memoir 55, Geol. Surv. Can., 1914, p. 211. 
2 Compare the nephelitic schliers and nephelite-lined vugs in the nephelite basalt 
of the “‘Lébauer Berg,” described by J. Stock, Tschermaks Min. und Petr. Mitt., 
TX (1888), 438. 
3.W. G. Foye, Amer. Jour. Sci., XL (1915), 413. 
4W. G. Foye, Jour. Geol., XXIV (1916), 783. 
