130 REGINALD A. DALY 
Absence of quartz-bearing lavas in many basalt-irachyte-phonolite 
volcanoes.—Similarly phonolite should emanate from most old, 
large volcanoes. Quartzose lavas (quenched, interim phases) 
should be commonly found in the oceanic volcanoes which are built 
of phonolite or trachyte and basalt. These expectations also do 
not agree with the facts. 
Eruptwe sequence.—In view of the great complexity of the prob- 
lem not too much stress should be laid on special cases, but it is 
well to point out a questionable argument relating to the eruptive 
sequence. Bowen implies (p. 64) that the nephelite syenite- 
malignite member of the Okanagan composite batholith has its 
theoretically correct time relation to the other members. On the 
contrary, the alkaline body is distinctly older than the Simil- 
kameen granite batholith, and not younger, as would be naturally 
expected if the alkaline mass represents the residual liquor of the 
granite as it crystallized. The neighboring, intensely sheared 
Osoyoos granodiorite is very much older than the unsheared 
alkalines, and any direct genetic bond between these two is 
improbable. 
More generally, the writer cannot believe that the world’s 
eruptive sequences support the thesis that foyaites, phonolites, 
trachytes, etc., are simply the products of the fractionation of pure 
basalt. 
Comparison of basalt and femic, feldspathoid-bearing types.—A 
formidable array of difficulties with that explanation appears when 
average basalt (see col. 1 of Table IIT) is compared chemically with 
the more femic members of the alkaline suite, such as average 
nephelite basalt (col. 2), analcite basalt from the Highwood Moun- 
tains (col. 3), average leucite basalt (col. 4), average leucite basanite 
(col. 5), and average theralite (col. 6). 
The high lime, magnesia, and iron oxides in cols. 2 to 6 inclusive 
cannot be reconciled with the hypothesis that the relatively high 
soda or potash has been developed by the removal of olivine, 
pyroxene,.or calcic plagioclase, or any combination of them, out 
of an average or typical basaltic magma. The lime content of 
«Cf. Table II in the writer’s Igneous Rocks and Their Origin, 1914; and L.V. 
Pirsson, op. cit., p. 173. 
