PHYVSIOGRAPHIC EXTENSION OF UNITED STATES = 247 
higher peneplain of the Appalachians in the United States. Sutton 
Mountain of the Notre Dames and many of the peaks on the Gaspé 
Peninsula are typical monadnocks. The Cobequid upland of 
Nova Scotia is compared by Bell’ to the Unakas and its origin 
referred to the Cretaceous base-leveling, and the Cumberland 
lowland adjoining it is regarded by him as a local peneplain 
developed in Tertiary time. 
Though cut off from the mainland, Newfoundland is really a 
structural and topographic subdivision of the Appalachian region. 
The uplands of Newfoundland are the remnants left by the dis- 
section of a once almost perfect peneplain, and there is no more 
striking feature in its topography than the marked parallelism of 
its peninsulas, re-entrants, lakes, ridges, rivers, and outcrops, which 
in nearly every case approximates a direction of N.20°E.2. The 
Shickshocks of the Gaspé Peninsula, after being interrupted by 
the depression of the St. Lawrence Valley, seem to be continued 
in the Long Range, a mountainous feature that parallels the entire 
western coast of Newfoundland. This range has an average 
elevation of about 2,000 feet and compares very closely in this 
respect with the Shickshocks. The Lewis Hills, apparently a 
residual mass lying half-way between St. George Bay and the 
Bay of Islands, rise to 2,700 feet. The elevated tracts of the 
Maritime Provinces also appear to be continued beyond the Gulf 
of St. Lawrence in a series of flat-topped hills, on which rise local 
elevations separated by long, parallel valleys. 
On the side of the island that faces the gulf the youthful 
aspect of the streams, the numerous terraces rising like gigantic 
steps from 12 to 4oo feet above high water, and the delta deposits 
at the mouths of the rivers indicate several recent stages of eleva- 
tion; but on the seaward side drowned gorges and almost sub- 
merged islands testify to recent and progressive submergence. 
These conditions are suggestive of the conditions existing between 
northern and southern New England with respect to elevation and 
depression. Clark,’ however, connects Newfoundland orogenically 
1W. A. Bell, Geol. Survey Canada, Guide Book, No. 1, Part II, pp. 326-28. 
2W. H. Twenhofel, Am. Jour. Sci., Fourth Series, XX XIII, 1-24. 
3 J. M. Clark, Geol. Survey Canada, Guide Book, No. 1, Part I, pp. 93-95. 
