WORLD-ORGANIZATION AFTER THE WORLD-WAR 709 
lines are not those which shall ultimately be established, the prin- 
ciples they are intended to represent will still remain applicable to 
whatever lines shall obtain. 
THE BASIS OF THE NEW ORGANIZATION 
World affairs center about international intercourse. The 
exchange of products is its most tangible phase. Some of these ,. 
products are material, others mental or moral, but only the material 
products are measurable in definite terms, and so these only are well : 
suited to be the basis of a concrete working scheme. As a rule * 
mental and moral factors run apace with the material, but this is 
not always closely and accurately so. And yet the material ex- 
changes form a fairly just representation of the whole intercourse. 
Commercial exchange is therefore made the basis of the scheme of 
omninational conduct of world-affairs herewith offered. It has 
two obvious factors: (1) provision for intercourse, and (2) equitable 
administration of such provision in the interests of all peoples. The 
ethical ideas at the bottom of the proposals may be expressed con- 
cretely as follows: 
A. Fair opportunities for commercial and other intercourse between 
all peoples under such reasonable economic regulations as they them- 
selves may impose. 
B. Protection and regulation of international intercourse by an 
omninational body representative of all peoples in proportion to their 
participation in international commerce. 
Our nation is openly committed to the endeavor to secure for 
the peoples in the heart of Europe outlets such as will permit them 
to reach the high seas and take their rightful part in the commerce 
of the world. The right of the rest of the world to access to these 
peoples is only the other side of the equation. Some such provision 
is regarded as indispensable to lasting good will, and hence to stable 
peace as well as the common prosperity. 
Three types of common commercial highways—world-ways.— 
1. The high seas are already recognized as the common highway 
of all peoples. Respecting them, it only remains to insure their 
equitable control in the common interest of all peoples. It is pro- 
posed to secure this by means of an omninational organization, an 
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