THE VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 257 



In the neighborhood of Folgefon several glaciers were retreating 

 rapidly in the summer of 1901, whereas in 1902 they were advancing, 



Sweden.— The Mika Glacier has advanced 5"^ since 1901, and 

 the Solta 20™ since 1900. The Skuova has apparently been station- 

 ary since 1897.^ 



Polar regions. — An expedition was sent to Greenland to study the 

 inland ice between latitudes 68° 30' and 69° 2c^ Surveys of the 

 Jakobshavn Fjord and the border of the inland ice to the south 

 were made on a large scale. Photographs were also taken from 

 marked points which may be used for future comparison. All the 

 glaciers of the Jakobshavn Fjord are notably retreating; the rocks 

 for 5.5™ above the present surface of the large glacier are entirely 

 free of lichens, and the tongue of the glacier is 4'''^ shorter than in 

 1883. The small glaciers flowing from the tributary fjords of the 

 Jakobshavn show a similar, but smaller, retreat. Farther south, 

 near Orpigsuit, the edge of the inland ice seems to be retreating, as 

 the rock immediately above it is free of lichens and is covered with 

 fresh striae. Photographs of the nunataks were taken which will 

 serve to determine future variations. 



The Swedish expedition to the South Pole visited Royal Bay in 

 the Island of South Georgia. Ross Glacier, which had retreated, 

 according to the German South Polar Expedition, 800-900™ between 

 1882 and 1883, has since then advanced to the point where it stood 

 in 1882.== 



Himalaya. — The Taschiny Glacier in Kashmir was retreating in 

 1875 ^^d advancing in 1886. Some small glaciers in the Panjal 

 Range were retreating before 1884 and advancing slightly some 

 years later. In the Nun Kun the glaciers were advancing in 1902. 



In the Karakorum Range several glaciers in Schigar Valley 

 advanced for eight or ten years before 1895. In the Saser-Nubra 

 Mountains a slight advance took place in 1896.3 



Caucasus. — The four glaciers on Mount Kazbek which have been 

 retreating for some time have become stationary, and great accumu- 

 lations of snow seem to indicate the beginning of a new advance. 

 The summit of Kazbek, which in 1900 was almost free of snow, is 

 now covered to a considerable depth. In the valley of the Guisel- 



' Report of Dr. Oyen. ' Report of Dr. Steenstriip. 3 Report of M. Chas. Rabot. 



