286 EDWARD M. KINDLE 



The synclinal axis south of the Van Etten fold crosses Cayuta 

 Creek apparently about two and three-quarters miles north of Reniff, 

 Its position has been recognized just east of Horseheads, but west of 

 this point the complexity of the dips renders the determination of its 

 course uncertain. 



The Elmira anticline. — -The axis of the southernmost anticlinal 

 fold in the quadrangle runs eastward from about the abrupt southerly 

 bend of the Chemung River east of Elmira; passing south of North 

 Chemung and just north of Chemung Centre, it crosses Cayuta 

 Creek just north of Lockwood. At Lockwood the north limb of the 

 anticlinal has flattened until the dip cannot be detected by the chno- 

 meter or hand-level, but there is probably a very small north dip for 

 two and one-half or three miles up the valley to the point where the 

 south dips of the Van Etten fold cease. In the western half of the 

 Waverly quadrangle the north dips are pronounced along Baldwin 

 Creek northeast of North Chemung and its tributaries to the west 

 of North Chemung. The north dip at the quarries east and north of 

 Elmira, which averages about 2°, may be observed nearly to Horse- 

 heads. The south dips of this fold along the east side of the Chemung 

 River range from 3 to 5° south or southeast. The south dips east of 

 this may be seen along nearly every south- flowing streanji to the east- 

 ern edge of the Waverly quadrangle. The course of the fold west of 

 Elmira is not entirely clear. Sherwood recognized the Elmira anti- 

 cline as a continuation of a Pennsylvania fold and states that "it 

 crosses the Chemung River a little below Elmira.'" Sherwood states 

 that he "has seen no dips beyond Elmira and Horseheads."^ Heavy 

 southwest dips for two miles along the river west of the city and 

 also north of the summit of Hawley Hill indicate the probability,, 

 as suggested by Mr. M. L. Fuller, that the axis bends to the north, 

 west of Elmira, passing between Hawley and Hawes Hills. Thence, 

 bending southward, it probably joins the Sabinsville anticline near 

 the southwestern corner of the quadrangle. 



The syncline to the south of the Elmira anticline is well defined 

 in the southeastern part of the Waverly quadrangle. The axis 

 crosses Cayuta Creek about three miles north of Waverly. Passing 

 westward between Shoemaker Mountain and Narrow Hill, it crosses 



I Report G, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, p. 95. ^ Jbid., p. 96. 



