428 CHARLES EMERSON FEET 



DRIFT OF LONG ISLAND AND STATEN ISLAND INSIDE THE BROOKLYN- 

 PERTH AMBOY MORAINE. 



Inside or north of the Brooklyn- Perth Amboy moraine a number 

 of positions taken by the ice on its retreat are marked by moraines 

 or kame belts, or other similar phenomena. Near the west end of 

 Long Island at least two, and probably three, such belts are rep- 

 resented more or less discontinuously. (See Fig. 8.) Possibly one 

 such position is represented on Staten Island. 



DRIFT OF THE LOWLAND WEST OF THE PALISADE RIDGE AND NORTH 

 OF THE BROOKLYN-PERTH AMBOY MORAINE. 



On the higher part of the lowland west of the Palisade Ridge 

 and inside the Brooklyn-Perth Amboy moraine, there is an extensive 

 series of belts of thicker drift, with more or less distinct morainic 

 topography, or elongate belts of kames with the aspect of moraines, 

 which are frequently bordered by plains of gravel and sand with 

 the form of overwash or outwash plains. In some places such aggra- 

 dation plains have no definite kame or morainic areas at their source. 

 On the lower part of the lowlands there is a complex series of gravel 

 and sand plains or plateaus, some of which head in kames, but 

 others have ice-molded, but kameless, sources. 



Some of the plains have delta-like forms and delta-like struc- 

 tures. The elevations of these plains at the south are 20-40 feet, 

 while farther north plains whose structure is unknown have eleva- 

 tions of 80-100 feet.^ These deposits are found north from the 

 latitude of Hackensack and Englewood well toward the northern 

 border of the state. Underneath the gravel and sand of these plains, 

 or spread out to the southward with little overlying sand or gravel, 

 there is laminated clay which frequently has a thickness of 100 feet 

 and sometimes as great as 215 feet. This clay extends south of the 

 lat tude of Hackensack and Englewood, and is also found to the 

 north. ^ 



I See R. D. Salisbury and C. E. Peet, "Drift Phenomena of the Palisade Ridge," 

 Annual Report of State Geologist of New Jersey, 1893, pp. 195-210; and idem, "Drift 

 of the Triassic Plain of New Jersey," Glacial- Geology of New Jersey (Final Report 

 of State Geologist, Vol. V), Chap. 12, and especially pp. 506-13, 595-628, 632-42. 



"The areal distribution of a large part of these deposits is shown in the maps of the 

 New York City Folio, U. S. Geological Survey. See also Fig. 8 of this article. 



