442 CHARLES EMERSON PEET 



HUDSON VALLEY NORTH OF THE HIGHLANDS. 



The valley north of the Highlands has been considered the north- 

 eastward continuation of the Greater Appalachian Valley. It lies 

 between the upland surface on the east, which in New England is 

 called the New England Plateau, and on the west it is limited by the 

 Alleghany Front which is the steep slope from the Alleghany Plateau to 

 the Greater Appalachian Valley, and of which the dissected edge is 

 called the Catskill Mountains. Below the level of these eastern and 

 western plateau surfaces there is a broad lowland. Below the level 

 of this lowland surface there are deep valleys. In the bottom of 

 these valleys there are the deposits of stratified drift which have the 

 form of an old lake- or sea-floor. Below this old lake- or old sea-floor 

 there are valleys and other depressions. In the bottom of the Hudson 

 Valley is the Hudson estuary, and beneath its waters is the sub- 

 merged Hudson channel described below. In this region and farther 

 to the southwest, upland and lowland surfaces in the Appalachian 

 district have been interpreted as representing peneplains at two or 

 more levels.^ The interpretation of the preglacial history of the 

 valley is beyond the scope of this article. The writer wishes to get 

 before the reader a general picture of the region only, without refer- 

 ence to the preglacial history. (See Figs. lo and ii). 



In the Appalachian part of the Hudson the drift phenomena may 

 be described in seven sections: (i) the Fishkill-Dutchess Junction 

 Fig. 9, Nos. 42, 41), and Newburg-New Windsor deposits (38, 37); 



(2) high-level terrace north of Fishkill south of 44 and north of 42 ; 



(3) deposits from Carthage Landing to Lowpoint on the east side 

 of the Hudson and at Roseton on the west side (Nos. 44 and 39) ; 



(4) New Hamburg gravel plateau and stratified drift on Wappinger 

 Creek (Nos. 46 and 47); (5) Camelot kames (No. 48); (6) deposits 

 north of Camelot from Poughkeepsie to Catskill; (7) deposits from 

 north of Catskill to north of Glens Falls (Fig. 13). 



The deposits in Division i are similar in import to those in Division 

 7, and are very much like the phenomena at Haverstraw and Croton. 



I See R. D. Salisbury, Physical Geography of New Jersey, pp. 8-14, 83-85, 94- 

 98; Bailey Willis, "Northern Appalachians," National Geographical Society Mono- 

 graphs, Yol. I; C. W. Hayes, "Southern Appalachian," ibid., and W. M. Davis, Pro- 

 ceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. XXV (1891), pp. 318 et seq. 



