466 CHARLES EMERSON FEET 



such descents have been produced by inequahties in the hardness of 

 their beds. (See Fig. i6, A and B.) 



Fort Edward Valley. — This valley extends from the south end of 

 Lake Champlain at Whitehall to the Hudson River. From Dunham's 

 Basin south it is divided into two parts. The western part ends at 

 Fort Edward. The eastern part ends three miles farther south, and 

 about the same distance north of Fort Miller. The narrowest part 

 of the valley is at the edge of the highlands north of Fort Ann, where 

 the width is one-tenth to one-fifth of a mile and the bottom is on the 

 rock. The widest part of the valley, where the width is more than 

 one and a half miles, is southeast of Dunham's Basin. The com- 

 bined width of the eastern and western parts in the latitude of Fort 

 Edward is nearly two miles. The bottom of the valley has an eleva- 

 tion, at Fort Edward, of 140 feet, an altitude which is probably con- 

 siderably less than twenty feet higher than the present Hudson. 

 The same may be said of the eastern branch of the valley three miles 

 north of Port Miller. At Whitehall the valley bottom is 120 feet in 

 altitude above the sea. Between these two extremes the divide, 

 which is near Dunham's Basin, is close to 160 feet in altitude. The 

 valley is followed by the north-flowing Mettawee River and its tribu- 

 tary, Wood Creek, and by the south-flowing Fort Edward Creek and 

 Durkeetown Creek, a tributary of the Moses Kill. All these streams 

 are very small compared with the width of the valley. 



The amount of cutting of the valley is difficult of exact determi- 

 nation. At Fort Edward it certainly is less than 120 feet, and 

 perhaps no more than 35 feet. In other places, on the whole, the 

 indications are that there has been a cutting of less than 100 feet. 

 The maximum possible cutting of the Hudson valley immediately to 

 the southward is 160 feet, but may be only 100-120 feet. 



Whitehall- Putnam Station Valley. — This valley is occupied by 

 the southernmost and narrowest portion of southern Lake Champlain. 

 This part of the lake, including swampy borders, has a width varying 

 from one-tenth to seven-tenths of a mile, and a common width of one- 

 half mile. Its sides show frequent cHffs of clay, or clay overlying 

 silt and stratified gravel and sand, and remnants of a former valley- 

 filling which reached, in places at least, elevations of 180-200 feet 

 A. T. Beneath the waters of this part of the lake, and extending 



