6i8 CHARLES EMERSON PEET 



Origin of the gaps in the moraine. 



Explanation of scarcity of wave-wrought features in Hudson valley 



under each hypothesis for Hudson water body. 

 Features unexplained by salt-water hypothesis of Hudson water body. 



Absence of distinct wave-wrought features at outer edge of Brook- 

 lyn-Perth Amboy moraine. 



Presence of overwash plains at the ice-front. 



Absence of life certainly marine in Hudson water-body deposits. 



Absence apparently of tidal distribution of muds in Hudson water 

 body. 



Altitude of Hudson water body. 

 Evidence that Hudson water body was a lake. 

 Arguments opposed to the Hudson lake hypothesis. 

 Relation of Hudson water body to Connecticut Valley water body. 

 Relation of Hudson water body to water body west of Palisade Ridge. 

 Relation of Hudson water body to Lake Iroquois. 

 Relation of higher glacial Lake Champlain to Lake Iroquois. 

 Duration of Hudson water body. 

 Time divisions. 



HISTORY. 



HUDSON WATER BODY AND SUCCESSIVE POSITIONS OF THE ICE AS 

 IT RETREATED THROUGH THE HUDSON VALLEY. 



As THE ice retired from the Brooklyn- Perth Amboy moraine 

 northward, it haked for a greater or less time at the successive posi- 

 tions which are marked on the higher lands by behs of thick drift, 

 with more or less distinct morainic topography, by elongate kame 

 areas with the aspect of moraines, often bordered by plains of gravel 

 and sand having the form of overwash or outwash plains, or by 

 aggradation plains without moraine or kame areas at their source. 

 On Staten Island possibly one morainic belt of limited extent, and 

 on Long Island at least two and probably three such morainic belts, 

 mark some of the halting-places of the ice, north of the main moraine. 

 On the Triassic lowlands in New Jersey, no less than seven such 

 positions are marked by belts of thick drift with either the moraine 

 or kame aspect. (See Fig. 8, p. 427.) In the lower ground, both 

 in the lowland west of the Pahsade Ridge and in the Hudson Vahey, 

 the ice and the ice- waters discharged into a standing body of water. 

 In the low ground, west of the Palisade Ridge, the deposits of the 

 ice-waters are marked by the complex series of sand- and gravel- 



