620 CHARLES EMERSON PEET 



the ice-tongue and the valley wall. Such deposits, it is believed, 

 are represented (i) by the terrace south of the Croton River mouth 

 (Fig. 9, No. 20, p. 429); (2) by the moraine on the north slope of the 

 Palisade Ridge, which has not the accompanying gravel plateau 

 (Fig. 9, No. 15) ; (3) by the Jones Point gravel plateau (Fig. 9, No. 19) ; 

 (4) by Roye Hook (Fig. 9, No. 29), and possibly that part of the 

 State Camp plateau which appears to slope eastward. In some 

 places where tributary streams head northward the ice occupied the 

 upper portion of the tributary valley at the same time that the ice- 

 tongue existed in the main Hudson near its mouth, so that deposits 

 with layers dipping toward the valley wall contributed from the ice- 

 tongue in the Hudson Valley, occur side by side with deposits 

 from the tributary streams of ice-water which show layers dipping 

 toward the Hudson. The main part of the State Camp plateau, 

 which appears to have been built of materials brought by streams of ice- 

 water down the valley of the Peekskill and its tributaries, is thought 

 to be an example. Other phenomena which indicate the presence of 

 the ice in the valley, against which stratified drift was accumulating 

 at higher levels, but to which this valley ice was not active in contrib- 

 uting, it is thought, may be represented by the deposits at Carthage 

 Landing and Low Point (Fig. 9, No. 44), and at New Hamburg (Fig. 9, 

 No. 46). At the latter place, however, the waters from the ice in 

 the valley may have been active contributors in building the plateau, 

 at least in its early stages. (5) The West Point gravel plateau, and 

 probably the Cold Spring kames and the Cold Spring- Garrisons ter- 

 race (Fig. 9, Nos. 31, 33) also represent deposits made at the edge of 

 a tongue of ice which occupied the valley. 



Phase 2. — The second phase of the ice-front is represented in the 

 broader parts of the lower Hudson and in the broad upper Hudson 

 where the gravel plateaus are marked by moraines or kames or 

 undulatory topography of similar import, at the margin toward the 

 valley walls, and by the smoother surface and steep outer face toward 

 the Hudson, together with the dip of the layers generally away from 

 the valley wall, and the gradation of the materials down the dip from 

 coarse gravel into sand and finally into clay. This clay spreads out 

 in the upper Hudson as a wide plain, rising gradually from the 

 present Hudson River bluffs toward the gravel plateaus and the valley 



