ADVANCE AND RETREAT OF CANADIAN GLACIERS 727 



It is a notable fact that the Victoria glacier does not face directly- 

 down its valley, but diagonally across it, the ice-front facing the north- 

 west. The high cliffs of Aberdeen keep off the early morning sun, 

 so that even in midsummer the sun does not strike the glacier before 

 7:30 A. M., and then at first only the northwest side. The direction 

 faced by the ice-front is thus determined, not by the direction of 

 motion, but by the position of maximum melting. 



As already stated, the end of the ice is mainly buried in moraine, 

 but at two points ice is exposed. At both points the face is steep, 



Fig. 3. — Front of Victoria glacier, showing its steep face, diagonal position in the 

 valley, and terminal moraine. 



^exposing the laminse of ice. In this respect it resembles high-latitude 

 glaciers, rather than the usual alpine type (Fig. 3). 



The surface of the Victoria glacier is very flat, the angle of profile 

 rarely exceeding 8°. This flat surface makes an angle with the 

 steep front somewhat exceeding a right angle. 



During the year from July, 1899, to July, 1900, Mr. Vaux found 

 that a marked bowlder in a central position on the ice moved 147 

 feet. One at the edge moved 115 feet. Shrinkage for the year was 

 only 6 feet. 



Glacier of the valley of the Ten Peaks. — This glacier occupies a 

 valley parallel to that of the Victoria glacier, some ten miles to the 

 southeast. Moraine Lake lies in this valley a short distance below 



