734 



/. H. OGILVIE 



glaciers. Among the eastern Canadian glaciers the sides are almost 

 invariably buried either in talus from cHffs or in moraine (Fig. 7). 

 Among the glaciers above described the glacier of the valley of the 

 Ten Peaks, which is advancing laterally, is the only one in which the 

 ice of a side was visible. In this case the side was steep, like the front. 



GLACIERS OF INTERMEDIATE CHARACTER 



It is impossible to draw a hard and fast distinction between these 

 two types of glaciers, since there are many glaciers, parts of which 

 belong to one type and parts to the other. But in each case it was 

 evident that whenever glacier ice was buried sufficiently to shut out 

 sun and air entirely, surface melting practically ceased. , 



The Yoho Valley Hes on the western side of the continental divide. 

 Though a tributary by name, it furnishes the greater part of the water 

 supply of the Kicking Horse River. The Yoho Valley is a glacial 

 canyon, with rock terraces on its sides. There are six large glaciers 

 on the sides of the Yoho Vahey, the water from these glaciers coming 

 over the terraces in falls. One important tributary enters the Yoho 

 from the west. At its junction with the Yoho this tributary forms 

 the Laughing Fall; farther up its course five glaciers lie on its sides. 



The glaciers of the Yoho are fed by large snow-fields, for the most 

 part yet unmapped. As a rule, the surfaces of the glaciers are steep^ 

 clean, and much crevassed, and their ends have the gradual curve 

 from surface to front illustrated in Fig. 9. The sides of the valley 

 are so steep that the fronts often have a high angle, and ice cascades 

 occasionally occur. 



Most of these Yoho Vahey glaciers belong to the second type, but 

 three of them combine the characteristics of the two groups. These 

 three he on the sides and end of Laughing Fah Vahey. 



One of these glacie-rs on the north side of Laughing Fall Vahey 

 enters its basin over a col between two hmestone peaks. Its general 

 direction of flow is eastward over the col ; then it cascades over a chff 

 forming some fine seracs, and turns southward toward the Laughing 

 Fah Valley. The eastern slope of the basin of this glacier, is formed 

 by shale ridge locally called "The Whaleback." The ice, in turning 

 the corner just described, banks itself up against " The Whaleback " 

 and becomes buried in shale. With the shale are mingled rounded 

 hmestone fragments from the peaks to the west, the debris being 



