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II. 
MINING AND MINERALS IN THE TRANSVAAL AND 
SWAZIELAND. By E. Sr. JOHN LYBURN, M.E., 
A.R.C.Sc.1., F.G.S. (Puare IIL) 
[Read Junr 22; Received for Publication Ocronsr 7; 
Published NovemBer 380, 1898.] 
Introduction.—The object of this communication is to afford 
some information on the reality and extent of the mineral wealth 
of the Transvaal and Swazieland, from data acquired in the course 
of the last two years, during which I held the position of consult- 
ing Mining Engineer to Mr. E. F. Bourke, a gentleman largely 
interested in the mining industry. Exceptional opportunities have 
thus been afforded me of studying the geology and mineralogy of 
these countries. 
Prior to my engagement with Mr. Bourke I held the position 
of assayer and surveyor to several gold mining companies on the 
Witwatersrandt. 
Geology.—The elevation of the Witwatersrandt (White water- 
shed) varies from 5500 to 6000 feet above sea-level). The Wit- 
watersrandt forms the water-shed of the principal rivers of the 
Transvaal, which is drained by the Orange River and its tributaries 
to the South Atlantic Ocean on the south-west, and the Limpopo, 
or Crocodile River and its tributaries into the Indian Ocean, on 
the south-east. 
To illustrate better the relations of the strata in the Witwaters- 
randt I have prepared a diagrammatic section (Plate 11.). On 
the working out of this strata I was engaged during many months 
of actual survey in the field; it shows three distinct systems. 
Ist. The primary, represented by the granitic rocks north of 
Rietfontein, north of Johannesburg. 
2nd. ‘The Cape System, containing the famous Randt deposits, 
divisible into five series :— 
I.—Hospital Hill series, consisting of quartzites sand-stones, 
and ferruginous shales, the latter banded, and con- 
taining magnetite and titanite. They are regarded 
