38 Revieus — Russian Fossil Elejohants. 



scenery has many points of great beauty, and the islands may be 

 visited in svimraer; but sometimes they are " in the winter season for 

 weeks together out of communication with the main land except by 

 telegraph ". 



Part II, on part of the Eoss of Mull and adjacent islands, is by 

 Mr. Craig. The area of Mull, mostly under 400 feet in elevation, is ' 

 a rough and craggy district of red granite with fine sandj^ bays. The 

 granite is quarried in tlie district to the north of that shown on the 

 map. It is regarded as of later Palaeozoic age, and it sends veins into 

 the Moine Series. J. G. Goodchild's view that "granite veins have 

 evidently eaten their way into the surrounding rock" is mentioned, 

 but not discussed. The Moine Series consists of metamorphic schists, 

 with intrusive sills of hornblende schist containing abundant garnets. 

 The north-west dykes of dolerite, camptonite, and monchiquite may 

 possibly all be of Tertiary age, like the sheets of columnar dolerite and 

 the two tiny intrusions of granophyre. 



Glacial drift mostly occupies small hollows ; raised beaches occur 

 as on Colonsay, and there are tracts of shelly blown sand and peat 

 mosses. 



II. — EussiAN Fossil Elephants. 

 Les Elephants fossiles de la Rtjssie. By Marie Pavlow. 



Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe imperiale des Naturalistes de 



Moscou, vol. xvii, pt. ii, pp. 57, 3 plates, 1910. 

 rpHIS important memoir by Madame Pavlow describes in detail 

 X a quantity of proboscidean remains for the most part from the 

 early Pleistocene deposits of Tiraspol in Southern Russia, but also 

 from other localities. Most of the specimens were originally referred 

 to the species Eleplias trogontherii, Pohlig, which is, in fact, a primitive 

 form of the Mammoth, but on further exauiination of the remains the 

 author has come to the conclusion that many of them represent 

 a still more primitive type in which the plates of the molars are 

 wider and fewer in number ; to this form she has given the name 

 Eleplias tones ti. 



In discussing the nomenclature of the cheek-teeth in elephants the 

 author objects to the use of the term ' milk-molars ' for the three 

 anterior molars, on the ground that they are not replaced by pre- 

 molars. Since, however, from the history of the dentition in the 

 group, it is certain that the replacing pre-molars have only lately 

 been suppressed, some even occurring in one species of Elephas 

 proper {E. planifrons), it is certain that these anterior molars are 

 homologous with the milk-molars of ordinary mammals, and nothing- 

 is gained by concealing this fact by giving them other names. 



In addition to E. ivuesti, remains of several other species of Elephas, 

 e.g. E. antiqims and E. armeniaciis, are described from the same 

 deposits : this assemblage does not seem very probable, and perhaps 

 sufficient allowance has not been made for the considerable range of 

 individual variation that may occur in elephant molars. 



In the last part of the paper Madame Pavlow discusses the relation- 

 ship of the later elephants to one another. She is qf opinion that the 

 Mammoth and the Indian elephant are not so nearly related to one 



