Dr. C. W. Andrews — Elei^hant Molar from Khartum. Ill 



present an appearance of much, greater age than is usual in bones 

 from post-Tertiary deposits. Mr. Grabham informs me that in this 

 region these peculiar characters of preservation are very rapidly 

 acquired, a friend of his, Mr. Bird, having found recent bones thrown 

 by the natives into an old well, blackened and mineralized in a similar 

 manner. 



The specimens so far determined are remains of elephant, hippo- 

 potamus, a small giraffe, an antelope (? Tragelaphus), and a Siluroid 

 fish. All these are, or were till comparatively recent times, living 

 in the district. Lately, however, I have received from Mr. Grabham 

 a specimen which seems to be of greater interest. It consists of three 

 plates of the molar tooth of an elephant, which is certainly not the 

 African elephant, the only species at present living on the continent. 



B. 



Portion of a molar tooth of an elephant from Khartum. A, front view ; 

 B, crown view. J nat. size. 



It is unfortunate that the specimen is so incomplete, but careful 

 comparison with other elephant teeth renders it possible to arrive at 

 fairly definite conclusions as to the relationships of this form. 



The specimen (see Figure) consists of three plates probably from the 

 hinder part of an upper molar. The plates are broad and much 

 thicker than the bands of cement interposed between them, and their 

 enamel is fairly thick and raised into a series of low vertical ridges, 

 one on the middle of the anterior face being a little the most 

 pronounced, but not sufB.ciently so to produce a marked prominence 

 or loop on the outline of the surface of wear, such as is usual in 

 Elephas antiquus. The posterior of the three plates is just coming 

 into Avear, the worn tips of the digitations forming five oval islands of 

 enamel. The next plate has a wear-surface consisting of a larger 

 median area, on either side of which is a smaller one. In the next 



