292 Professor T. G. Bonneij ^ Rev. E. Hill— 



apparently rest ou a sort of cushion of stratified clay and sand, tlie 

 beddins; of which in the upper part appears to be rudely conformable 

 with the exterior of the composite boulder; for it first slopes down- 

 wards rather steeply (at any rate in the upper part) and then becomes 

 more nearlj^ horizontal. This ' cushion ' and the bottom of the gravel 

 rest on a boulder-clay corresponding with that exposed on the beach.' 

 The junction on the right-hand side is hidden by a little slipped 

 material, but as the banded clayey sand seems to be tliiniiing in this 

 direction the gravel mass very likely rests at last on the boulder- 

 clay. About 3U yards to the east of this great composite boulder, we 

 found a curious vein-like mass of chalk rising from the beach and 

 running obliquely (westward) for a few yards up the face of the cliff. 

 A laj'er of coarse gravel adheres to part of its upper surface, and some 

 boulder-clay was seen sticking to the bottom in one place. That clay 

 is also exposed at a distance of a few feet beneath the clayey sand 

 which encloses this chalk. 



On the beach, about 30 yards from the base of the cliff, on a line 

 drawn perpendicular to it about half-way between the other two 

 masses, a third piece of chalk was seen rising for only a few inches 

 above the beach, which may be described as a segment of a circle 

 with a chord of about 10 yards and a sagitta, pointing at the cliff, of 

 about 4 yards. Boulder-claj' was clearly exposed about it, and 

 appeared to pass beneath its edge, so that we judged the chalk to be 

 a thin slab, the relic of a much thicker boulder. Its position and 

 distance from the cliffs inclined us to the view tliat it was the last 

 remnant of the historic mass, which in 1906 was reduced to the 

 northern pier of the arch. East of this spot, chalk, obviously in situ, 

 is exposed on the beach within a few dozen yards, so it would probably 

 be struck at a small depth, perhaps hardly a vard, below the base of 

 the cliff. 



A word may be added about the two rather long chalk masses, 

 which rise from the shore a few hundred yards nearer Muiidesley. 

 They also have suffered from the attacks of the sea, which has washed 

 out a small cove between them. The western one now seems to have 

 its eastern end distinctly pointed — a fairly acute angle, with drift 

 below as well as above — and to be slightlj' farther away from the sea 

 than the western end of the other mass. The face of that rises 

 directly from the beach, but its eastern end has been worn by the 

 waves into an irregular reef some yards in length, nowhere more 

 than a very few feet above the shore. So that we seem justified in 

 regarding as erratic even these great slab-like masses which formerly 

 suggested the possibility of their being low stacks on a pre-Glacial 

 surface of the chalk, similar to but more prominent than the slight 

 prominences east of Sheriugham. 



The evidence which has been disclosed by the invasion of the sea 



of the volume for 1906, and reproduced here on p. 290, Fig. 1. Our notes in 

 1905 and 1906 record the presence of a gravel boulder and of what might be 

 chalk, but as the former was not well exposed, and their full bearing on the 

 question could not then be appreciated, we did not mention them. 



' It was well seen here, and we thought the chalk pebbles became a little less 

 numerous in the middle part of the exposure. 



