Notices of Memoirs — Address hy Professor Peach. 455 



cuvieri, a species found in the Lower Miocene beds of Erance. This 

 specimen was collected by the late Mr. Botry Piggot at Karungu, 

 near the south-eastern shore of Lake Victoria Nyanza, and is the first 

 early Tertiary mammal recorded from tropical Africa. It is of the 

 greatest interest, because it proves the possibility, and even the 

 probability, of mammalian faunas of various ages occurring in that 

 region, and also shows that the separation of Dinotherium from the 

 rest of the Proboscidean stock most likely took place in Africa, where 

 the intermediate links may therefore be expected to be found. 

 The finding of this specimen shows what great possibilities of the 

 discovery of completely new forms of extinct animals are afforded, 

 by British East Africa. An expedition to German East Africa has 

 already found remains of a gigantic Dinosaur, some of the bones of 

 which are about twice the size of those of the well-known Biplodocus 

 carnegii, a reptile which was about 80 feet long. Now this discoverjr 

 of anew mammalian fauna of Jliocene age gives great hopes that in 

 the near future important additions to our knowledge of this region 

 may be made. It is greatly to be desired that anyone finding teeth 

 or bones (or even fragments of them) that appear to be in a fossil 

 condition, should send them to the British Museum for determination ; 

 for even though the specimens themselves may not be very good, they 

 may be sufiicient to determine 'whether further collecting on the spot 

 would be likely to lead to valuable results. 



II.— BEITISH ASSOCIATION FOE THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 

 DUNDEE, 1912. 



The Relation between the Cambrian Faunas of Scotland and 

 JSToKTH Ameeica. 



Address to the Geological Section by B. N. Peach, LL.D., F.E.S. 

 (President of Section C). 



Introduction. 



EVER since the announcement made by Salter in 1859 that the 

 biolog-ical affinities of the fossils found in the Durness Limestone 

 are more closely linked with American than with European forms, the 

 relation between the older Palaeozoic faunas of Scotland and North 

 America has been a subject of special interest to geologists. The 

 subsequent discovery of the Olenellus fauna in the North-West Highlands 

 furnished striking confirmation of Salter's opinion. This intimate 

 relationship raises questions of prime importance bearing upon the 

 sequence and distribution of life in Cambrian time in North America, 

 and North- West Europe, on the probable migration of forms from one 

 life-province to another, and on the palseogeographical conditions which 

 doubtless affected these migrations. 



On this occasion, when the British Association revisits the border of 

 the Scottish Highlands, it seems appropriate to refer to some of these 

 problems. With this object in view I shall try to recapitulate briefly 

 the leading features of the life-history of Cambrian time in Scotland 

 and North America, to indicate the relation which these life-provinces 

 bear to each other, and, from these data, to draw some inferences 

 regarding the probable distribution of land and sea which then obtained 

 in those regions. 



The two great rock groups in Scotland that are universally admitted 

 to be older than Cambrian time are the Lewisian G-neiss and the 



