Lecog— Mineral Waters. 115 
7. Horizon of Ammonites lautus, Am. Delucii, Inoceramus concentricus, &c. 
‘Gault;’ ‘Albian,’ D’Orbigny; ‘Glauconitic Chalk,’ Brongniart, in 
part. 
8. Horizon of Ammonites Cornueli, Plicatula radiola, Ostrea aquila, &c. 
‘Plicatula-clay,’ Cornuel; ‘Speeton Clay,’ Phillips; ‘Lower Green- 
sand,’ and ‘ Aptian,’ D’Orbigny. 
9. Horizon of Chama Ammonia, Pterocera Pelagit. ‘ Limestone with Ch. 
Ammonia ; ‘Urgonian,’ D’Orbigny, in part. 
10. Zone with Ammonites Astieri, Ostrea Couloni, Crioceras Emerict. ‘Lower 
Greensand ;’ ‘ Neocomian,’ and ‘ Urgonian,’ D’Orbigny, in part. 
As far as the South-east of France is concerned, all but the 
highest beds (from the Vescomian upwards) are present in Dép. 
Gard, Ardéche, Bouches-du-Rhone, and Vaucluse. 
Believing that the above is a good approximative classification for 
the Cretaceous beds, Dr. Reynés leaves it for other and experienced 
Geologists to suggest fit names for the several groups.—J. M. 
MINERAL WATERS CONSIDERED IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH 
CHEMISTRY AND GEOLOGY. 
Les EAUX MINERALES CONSIDEREES DANS LEURS RAPPoRTSs AVEC LA CHIMIE ET 
LA GHotociz, Par Henri Lecog, Professeur 4 la Faculté des Sciences de 
Clermont, ete. Paris: J. Roruscuip, 1864, pp. 463. 
EGARDING all springs as ‘mineral waters’ that deliver at 
the earth’s surface water that has passed through and become 
modified by any portion of the earth’s crust, Professor Lecoq, in the 
careful and elaborate work before us, has brought together a great 
amount of information equally useful to the chemist and the geolo- 
gist. We shall endeavour to put before the reader a fair abstract of 
the facts. Of the theories and opinions we shall say but little, only 
remarking, that they are not in accordance with the views of many 
English geologists, who will be unwilling to take for granted that 
the earth has cooled down from a state of igneous fluidity, and will 
feel surprised at being told (p.2), that modern lavas come from 
ereater depths than old granite and more recent basalts. They will 
also demur to the statement, that in former times all rain became 
mineral water, by immediately sinking into, instead of running for 
a while over, the earth, and that all existing mineral waters are but 
the feeble remains of much more powerful springs. 
Professor Lecoq traces mineral springs to lines of dislocation, 
believing that their sources are to be found below the rocks called 
by him primitive (granite, &c.). He mentions as illustrations, the 
Geysers and other hot springs of Iceland, the north-south direction 
of such line of springs in European Turkey, parallel to trachytes and 
basalts, and the mineral springs of Spain, to the number of four hun- 
dred. In France, likewise, out of nearly a thousand such springs, at 
least eight hundred are traced to asimilar origin. Many elsewhere 
are on the axes of longitudinal valleys, assumed to be due to fracture. 
Assuming, however, that water exists abundantly in the interior of 
the earth under pressure, it is not extraordinary that it should come 
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