128 ‘Reports and Proceedings. 
II. February 8, 1865.—W. J. Hamilton, Esq., President, in the 
Chair. The following communications were read :— 
1. ‘On the Sources of the Mammalian Fossils of the Red Crag, 
and on the Discovery of a new Mammal in that Deposit, allied to 
the Walrus.’ By E. Ray Lankester, Esq. Communicated by Prof. 
T. H. Huxley, ¥.R.S., F.G.S.—The Mammalian fossils of the Red 
Crag were stated to belong to three groups :—(1) the teeth of 
Coryphodon, &c., derived from lower Eocene strata ; (2) the other 
terrestrial Mammalia; and (38) the Cetaceans. The Molluscan 
fauna of the Red Crag was cited in proof of its identity in age with 
the Upper or Yellow Crag of Antwerp, which contained none of 
the Red Crag Mammals. ‘The underlying Middle and Black Sands 
of Antwerp contain far larger percentages of extinct forms and 
very abundant Cetacean remains. ‘The deposits at Darmstadt and 
in the South of France, containing terrestrial Mammalia similar 
to those of the Red Crag, are also anterior to the Yellow Crag of 
Antwerp. The Red Crag was thus shown to include Mammalian 
fossils found nowhere else excepting in strata of an earlier age. The 
probabilities therefore were that these various Mammalia were not 
indigenous to the Red Crag, but were derived from the breaking up 
of earlier strata ; and this supposition was supported by lithological 
evidence which the author gave in detail; he also discussed the 
chemical and mineralogical questions involved. Further evidence 
of the extraneous nature of the Mammalian fossils was also adduced, 
in the faet that teeth of Rhinoceros and Mastodon occurred at the 
base of the Coralline Crag; and other less conclusive facts were 
cited. ‘The great abundance and perfect condition of teeth of Car- 
charodon and Ziphioid Cetaceans in the Middle Crag of Antwerp, 
their absence in the Yellow Crag of that locality, and their presence, 
in a much rolled, indurated, and fragmentary condition, in the Red 
Crag, often with portions of their previous sandy matrix adhering, 
was considered as conclusive evidence with regard to the Cetacean 
remains. Mr. Lankester then described the tusks of an animal 
allied to the Walrus, but probably much larger, which he proposed 
to call Trichecodon Huzxleyi. The minute details of form and 
structure were entered into, and the author stated that the teeth 
called Balenodon by Professor Owen belonged really to two genera, 
Ziphius and Squalodon, as shown by the remains from the Middle 
Antwerp beds. 
2. ‘Note on the Geology of Harrogate.’ By Professor John 
Phillips, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S.—The cuttings on the North-eastern 
Railway, combined with sections exposed in several quarries, have 
enabled the author to trace the range of the Millstone-grit, Cal- 
careous roadstone, and Yoredale Shales near Harrogate; and have 
also thrown some light on the relation of the Permian to the more 
ancient rocks. Prof. Phillips was also enabled to refer the mineral 
springs, with greater confidence than heretofore, to a deep source 
along an axis of movement; and to suggest that the Harrogate 
roadstore probably corresponds to the ‘main’ or ‘ 12-fathom-lime- 
stone’ at the top of the Yoredale series. These results, the argu- 
