168 Reviews—Lyells Eiements. 
editions, with Appendices) Sir C. Lyell, of course, treats far more fully 
of these very interesting and difficult subjects; and that work is 
freely referred to in the ‘Elements.’ As the origin of some lakes is 
now a question among Geologists and Glacialists, we particularly 
recommend the former to study Lyell’s suggestive explanation of the 
conversion of valleys, here and there, into lakes during and in con- 
sequence of the oscillations of level that mountain-sides and the 
lower country must have suffered (pp. 168, &c.). The Tertiary Beds, 
ever a favourite study with the author, have three chapters and ~ 
much consideration, especially as regards the Fossil Plants of the 
Miocene Beds of Switzerland, those of CGiningen in particular, as 
worked out so abundantly by O. Heer in his ‘ Flora Tert. Helvetiz,’ 
&e.; and Sir Charles argues that probably too great a distinction 
between Miocene and Recent Plants and Insects has been made, 
since there is a greater proportional resemblance between Miocene 
Molluses and those of recent times; Conchologists having determined 
one-third of the Upper Miocene Shells as still living, whilst all the 
Plants and Insects are regarded as being extinct. What Botanists 
have done and can do for Geology is shown in the account of the 
‘Miocene Atlantis’ (pp. 265, &c.). 
In the account of the Secondary Formation (Chapters xvii.—xxii.) 
we have, as additions and improvements, some new Fossils,—some 
statistics of the Jurassic Fossils (after Etheridge),—renewed and 
forcible arguments as to the marine denudation of the Wealden area, 
—some remarks on the Triassic Rocks as classified by the Geologists 
of Austria and Bavaria,—the Triassic relationship of the Coal-fields 
of Eastern Virginia and of the ‘Dolomitic Conglomerate’ of the 
West of England. We miss, however, the valuable inferences that have 
been drawn by Godwin-Austen from the presence of drifted coal and 
granite in the Chalk; and we protest against the less general though 
British term ‘Penarth Beds’ (see also the Table at p. 104) being 
substituted for the well-chosen ‘ Rheetic,’ and especially against the 
latter being referred to Mr. Charles Moore (who judiciously adopted 
it) instead of to Giimbel (p. 439). In several respects, we remark 
that this Chapter xxii. (on the Trias) is one of the least satisfactory 
of the improved portions of the ‘ Elements.’ 
Chapter xxiii., on the Permian Beds, we must passover. Like the 
Sleeping Beauty in the Wood, here it remains as formerly, waiting 
the loving touch that is to vivify it, in the next edition perhaps, and 
give it the warmth and fullness of which it is capable. The many 
cuts in its few pages look like jewels bestowed where there is no 
love; a revised and fuller text would be a better setting for them, 
and more worthy of Permia, whose dominion, wide as it was, has 
lately been enlarged. 
The important additions to our knowledge of the Fauna of the Car- 
boniferous Period, due to Dr. Dawson and Sir Charles himself, are 
necessarily prominent in Chapter xxv. ; as also the remarkable series 
of Professor Huxley’s new Coal Reptiles, Loxomma, Pholidogaster, 
and Anthracosaurus, together with Mr. Marsh’s Kosaurus, all-Laby- 
rinthodonts. The ‘ Devonian’ Chapter has been enriched with home. 
