Reviews—Lyell's. Elements. 169 
and foreign matter, especially as regards Professor Huxley’s ‘Old 
Red Fishes,’ and Dr. Dawson’s remarkable and important new plant 
the Psilophyton, which characterizes ‘ Devonian’ underclays through- 
out great areas in Canadian North America. The Telerpeton and 
other Reptiles of the Elgin Sandstones are banished by Sir Charles 
(on good grounds, we think) from the Devonian list. Silurian and 
~Cambrian rocks and fossils have a careful exposition in Chap. xxvii., 
the Cambrian group being made to comprise the Tremadoc Slates, 
Lingula-flags, Harlech Grits, and Llanberis Slates: the Huronian 
and Laurentian rocks are also noticed, the last being newly of 
interest on account of its Eozoan marble, lately discovered by the 
State-geologists of Canada ; but the great extent of the Laurentian 
in Europe and the British Isles is hardly alluded to. 
The Chapters on Volcanoes and Volcanic Rocks have again pro- 
fited by the results of the author’s repeated visits to this, one of his 
most favourite fields of labour; and in the working out of the age 
(Upper Miocene) of the igneous outbursts of the Canaries, Madeira, 
and the Azores, we see how Geologists can help each other, the good 
results of co-operative science, and the happy application of the 
labours of at least eight naturalists and geologists to the geological 
history of this important volcanic area. In treating of ‘ Metamor- 
phism,’ to which indeed Sir Charles long ago gave distinctness as a 
special condition of rocks, he has not forgotten to give weight to the 
‘hydro-thermal’ notions advanced of late years, but warns us against 
accepting them too freely. Plutonic rocks, cleavage, and mineral 
veins are also treated of in connection with this part of the subject ; 
and we may remark that the structure of the Isle of Arran, remodelled 
after Dr. Bryce’s latest researches, is made to illustrate the relative 
ages of certain fossiliferous, volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic 
rocks, still more clearly than heretofore. 
The ‘Elements’ is asystematized exposition of the strata and other 
rocks, worked out with special reference to Organic Remains: the 
probable inferences, however, as to the old lands and seas, that may 
be drawn from the organic remains, and from the several deposits 
imbedding them, are rather left to the student than offered by the 
writer; and the disentanglement of the complicated, overlapping, 
shifted, folded, and altered strata, in every formation, are left in great 
part to the practical explorer and to special works on the subject. 
Yet the student has in Lyell such a trustworthy, intelligent, and 
philosophic guide, full of old lore and rich with modern facts, that he 
must welcome him heartily, and eagerly follow him among the relics 
of the past, and in studying to good advantage the geological monu- 
ments of the ancient changes of the earth and its inhabitants. 
BiocrRAPHIcAL Notice oF THE Rey. Davin URE, WITH AN 
EXAMINATION, CRITICAL AND DETAILED, OF HIS HISTORY OF 
RUTHERGLEN AND East Kitspripe. By Jonn Gray, Memb. 
Phil. Soc. Glasgow. 8yvo. Glasgow: 1855. Pp. 59. 
NDER the above title we have a brief life-sketch of a Scottish 
geologist and naturalist of the seventeenth century. David 
