pellicle Reports and Proceedings. 
structure of its shell with which we were not before acquainted. In 
the first instance, he thought there was good evidence of a mouth © 
opposite to the apical disk, corresponding with a similar arrange- 
ment of parts in the recent Echini, the parts appearing to have 
terminated in a slightly reflected edge. The arrangement of the 
apical disk alone in Palechinus, corresponding as it does so gene- 
rally with more recent forms of Echini, would entirely set aside the 
notion as to their having been provided with stalks like the Crinoids, 
and, in his opinion, proved them to have been more nearly related to 
the free Echinoderms, of which the recent Hehinus is a typical 
example; and he stated that this fine fossil assisted very much in 
confirming him in this opinion, as it appeared to have a distinct oval 
termination at the opposite pole to that of the apical disk—an 
arrangement entirely in accordance with its other structural pecu- 
liarities. 
Captain Hurron and Dr. Frazer exhibited specimens of the 
Green Serpentine Marble of Connemara containing ELozoon, as indi- 
cated by Mr. W. A. Sanford (see GeoLocicaL Maeazine, No. VIII. 
p- 87).—Saunders’s Newsletter. 
Tue EpinsurGH GEoLoGicaL Socrety.—March 23; Maurice 
Lothian, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.—Mr. THomas SmyTH 
read a paper On the Glacial Drift of the North of Germany, being 
observations made by him during a tour on the Continent in 1860. 
He first described the Tertiary deposits which lie beneath the Drift, 
the Eocene beds covering a large portion of the North of Germany. 
Most of those beds, he said, are of the same age as the ‘ Calcaire 
Grossier’ of the Paris Basin, and the Bagshot and Bracklesham 
beds of England. They extend from Germany to Novo-Moscov in 
Russia, within about 150 miles of the Sea of Azov, and are upwards 
‘of 1,106 miles in length, having an average breadth of nearly 200 
miles. During the Eocene Period a shallow sea had covered the 
whole of that expanse, and formed a sort of shallow Mediterranean 
in Central Europe, the climate of that region being sub-tropical. 
Mr. Smyth then proceeded to give in detail the characteristics of 
the Scandinavian Drift in Schleswig and Holstein, Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin, Hanover, Prussia, &c. In the low grounds of those 
countries the Drift consists of isolated, but often extensive, clusters 
of boulders, embedded in the stratified sands and sandy clays, and of 
large erratics which rise above the surface. ‘These isolated masses 
form the only equivalent in age of the tenacious Boulder-clay of the 
British Isles. The sands and sandy clays in question (with the boul- 
ders) occupy the whole space between the Tertiaries and the vegetable 
soil. The embedded boulders and erratics are composed chiefly of 
gneiss, greenstone, porphyry, granite, and basalt; and are of the same 
mineralogical character as the rocks which compose the mountains of 
Norway and Sweden. From minute observations which he made at 
many places, Mr. Smyth arrived at the following conclusions :— 
(1) That a glacial sea covered the plain of the North of Germany 
during. the greater part, if not the whole, of the Post-pliocene 
