Foreign Memoirs— Geology of the Himalayas. 265 
unresting’ home. And in this change the sea has deepened ; and, 
while the shore-animals were left above, a new feeding-ground was 
thus opened to immigration from a new province and a deeper zone. 
It is worth notice that the species of Gasteropods and Cephalo- 
pods which are generically similar to those of the Greensand occur 
here only in the lowest beds of the Chalk; which indicates rather a 
deeper zone than a changed province. In Mr. Whitaker’s ‘ Chalk- 
rock’ many of them reappear; and I therefore regard the fauna of 
that singular stratum as the result, among other causes, of a tem- 
porary and partial uplifting. 
The change from Shanklin Sands to Gault was one of depression; 
but from Gault to Greensand was upheaval; and from Greensand to 
Chalk it was depression again. 
ABSTRACTS OF FOREIGN MBEMOTRS. 
———_+—-— 
GEOLOGY OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
1 F. STOLICZKA has recently communicated to the Academy 
of Sciences, Vienna, a brief account of his expedition to the 
Valley of Spiti and the upper regions of the Himalayan Chain. 
He intended to traverse a part of the province of Tchou-Tchou, but 
this project had to be abandoned, because the natives opposed the 
passage of Dr. Stoliczka and his companion traveller, Mr. J. Mallet, 
of the Geological Survey of India, with the thirty-six coolies and 
ten soldiers in their service. The Himalayas were crossed by the 
Parang-La Pass,* 19,000 feet above the level of the sea, between the 
Sutlej and the Indus. The geological end in view was successfully 
attained. The existence of nine different formations has been 
determined in «he Spiti Valley, where only two were previously 
known. The SrurtAn formation extends to the defile of Bhaleh, 
where it disappears beneath the CARBONIFEROUS Strata, easily recog- 
nized by their fossils. Above the latter, the formations succeed in 
the following order :— 
1. Well-developed Triassic limestones with Halobia Lommeli, Or- 
thoceras, Auloceras, Ammonites of the group Globesi, and numerous 
Brachiopoda. 
2. Bituminous limestones, containing a large thick-shelled bivalve, 
Megalodus triqueter. These limestones represent probably the 
Rheetic series. 
3. ‘Limestones of the Pass of Parang-La,’ very analogous to the 
Hierlatz beds} of the Alps, rich in Brachiopoda, and containing 
Belemnites and some rare Ammonites. 
+. Black Shales, with concretions, already known by their remains 
of Cephalopoda. 
* Lat. 33° N., long. 78° E. 
y+ The Hierlatz beds are of the age of the Middle Lias, and contain fossils 
chiefly characteristic of the zone of Am. margaritatus.—R. T. 
