Reviews— Tourist’s Guide to Llangollen, &c. 271 
several eminent naturalists. Before then Auckland had its Pro- 
vincial Surveyor, Mr. C. Heaphy, at work, whose papers appeared 
in the London Geological Society’s Journal; and Dr. Julius Haast 
soon after entered the field as Provincial Geologist at Nelson and 
Canterbury ; and his observations, particularly on the glaciers, 
moraines, mountain-gorges, and formation of the great river-flats, 
have been printed in New Zealand,-Victoria, and England. His 
‘Report on the Geological Survey of the Province of Canterbury,’ 
1864; his ‘ Report on the formation of the Canterbury Plains,’ 1864; 
and his remarks on the glacial conditions of New Zealand (in the 
Geological Society’s Journal, May 1, 1865), are now before us. 
The Province of Otago also, one of the first districts in New Zea- 
land to supply geological information, through G. M. and Walter 
Mantell (in the Geological Society’s Journal), is now being thoroughly 
examined by a first-rate geologist, Dr. James Hector, who has already 
supplied (Geological Society’s Journal, May 1, and the Gronogi- 
cAL Macazrne, November 1864, p. 233) a succinct and masterly 
sketch of the structure of the region explored by him. His results 
agree with Dr. Von Hochstetter’s, and show that the Three Islands 
forming New Zealand are parts of one main ridge, formed of crumpled 
and highly altered strata, probably for the most part Paleozoic, but 
possibly in part Lower Mesozoic; whilst some Triassic, Jurassic, 
Tertiary, and Post-tertiary strata form parts of the flanks, and here 
and there lie at greater elevations. Like North America and other 
countries, New Zealand is beautifully illustrative of the theory of 
the formation of mountain-ranges and continents by the elevatory 
and metamorphic action of lateral crush, arising from contractions 
on a large scale, repeated through untold ages. 
Tourist’s GuipE To LLANGOLLEN AND ITs Vicinity, ETC. By D.C. 
Davies, Third Edit. 12mo. 1864, 
NOY that many holiday-makers are thinking of their intended 
routes and excursions, and there is an increasing number of 
Tourists who take an interest in Geology, we may remark that in the 
little Guide-book to the neighbourhood of Llangollen, published by 
Roberts of that town, there is a satisfactory attempt to explain 
geologically some of the natural features of the district by one of the 
Members of the Oswestry Naturalists’ Field-club. Some of the 
names of the fossils are incorrectly spelt; but the geology is well 
described ; and the tourist will learn much from his Guide, if he opens 
his eyes when on the summit of Dinas Bran, not only to lights and 
shadows, air-distances, and such like, but to the structural features of 
‘the conical peaks of the Silurian hills,—the battlemented terraces 
of the Mountain-limestone,—the heath-clad moor-like surface of the 
Millstone-grit,—and the North Wales band of the Coal-measures, 
with its unmistakeable surface-signs, sloping down to and fringing 
the New Red Sandstone plains of Cheshire and Salop.’ 
