274 Reports and Proceedings. 
President.—In this paper Dr. Sandberger communicated the results 
he has arrived at by the study of the Paleozoic, Triassic, and Jurassic 
Beds of Baden and Franconia. The so-called ‘ transition formation ’ 
of the Black Forest he had previously ascertained to be Lower 
Carboniferous; it is immediately succeeded by the strata of Berg- 
haupten near Offenberg, which also occur in Alsace. Near Oppenau 
occurs a species of Péerophyllum, three feet long, which affords a 
new proof of the close connection between the Paleozoic and Triassic 
floras; and to this fact may be added the discovery of a true Schz- 
zopterts in the Letten-coal of the Trias near Wiirzburg. This con- 
nection Dr. Sandberger also considers more perceptible in the fauna 
than has hitherto been supposed. The Wellenkalk, Muschelkalk, 
and Letten-coal appear better developed in Franconia than else- 
where in Germany, and the clearness of the stratification leaves no 
doubt about the order of succession. Amongst the results of a com- 
parison of the Thiiringian and Swabian types with those near Wurz- 
burg is the discovery of the fauna of Recoaro and Mickelschiitaz in 
the Middle Wellenkalk; and the author remarks that, as the rocks 
of the Alpine so-called Muschelkalk entirely agree with the Wel- 
lenkalk of his district, that rock ought henceforth to be called Wel- 
lenkalk ; for no representative of the true (Upper) Muschelkalk has 
hitherto been observed in the Alps. The Jurassic rocks occurring 
in Baden he refers to the Cornbrash and the Inferior Oolite. 
3. ‘On the Changes rendered necessary in the Geological Map of 
South Africa, by recent discoveries of Fossils. By Dr. R. N. Ru- 
bidge, F.G.S. (See also Geou. Mac., No. V. p. 232.) Dr. Rubidge 
first called attention to a former paper, in which he pointed out the 
occurrence of horizontal beds of sandstone resting on the upturned 
edges of gneiss, and continuous with inclined sandstone of like 
kind interstratified with gneiss. He therefore conjectured that the 
Clay-slate and Bokkeveldt Schist, which Bain considered distinct, 
belonged to one formation, that they are of the same age as the 
gneiss, and that the ‘ Carboniferous rocks’ of the Hastern province 
were not separable from the Clay-slate, which Mr. Bain had called 
‘Primitive Clay-slate.’ It follows from this that, if the clay-slate 
proved Devonian, as Dr. Rubidge believed it would, the horizontal 
quartzite must be much newer, and probably an outlying mass of the 
Dicynodon-rocks. He explained these phenomena by supposing that 
rocks of widely different ages had been metamorphosed into masses 
having the same mineralogical characters. The discovery of certain 
fossils has lately verified the conjecture respecting the Devonian age 
of the Clay-slates and Bokkeveldt rocks ; and Dr. Rubidge therefore 
infers that the rest of the old rocks are of the same age. Finally, 
the discovery of a Calamite in the sandstone, not unlike some speci- 
mens belonging to the same genus found in the Dicynodon-rocks, 
renders the probability of the truth of the second conjecture very 
great. 
RoyaL GrotocicaL Society or IRELAND. — May 10th; G. 
Sanders, Esq., in the chair.—Mr. Juxzs read a paper entitled Notes 
