320 Reports and Proceedings. 
Tue Evinpurcu GeoLtocicaL Socrety.—May 4th, 1865; David 
Page, Esq., F.G.S., F.R.S., &c., Vice-President, in the chair.—Mr. 
D. J. Brown read a paper ‘On the Geology of the Vicinity of Moffat.’ 
He first described the surface-accumulations which had evidently 
been deposited in the bed of an old lake—a fact observed by Professor 
Jamieson. These accumulations consisted of mounds of gravel in 
which no animal remains had been found. He next described the 
Glacial Drift of the locality, and stated that it assumed a similar 
appearance to the Red Sandstone below it—the greater portion of 
this drift being derived from the débris of the sandstone ; and, from 
a section which he had constructed across the valley, he showed that 
the drift lay conformable to the formation beneath. From the close 
resemblance of the one to the other, he inferred that should the Drift 
at some future period be consolidated into stone, no geologist could 
distinguish that formation from the one below it. From this he 
cautioned geologists against rashly concluding that two deposits 
were of the same age, even were their rocks of the same mineralogical 
texture, and even should the one lie conformably on the other. Mr. 
Brown then described the Red Sandstone, in which no fossils had 
been found. This sandstone, from its construction (an angular con- 
glomerate), he inferred was produced by the action of Ice, and was 
deposited when the climate was much colder than at the present day. 
He then argued that the formation was of Permian age, and the 
equivalent of the sandstones of Corn-Cockle Muir. The whole of 
the other rocks in the neighbourhood, he said, belonged to the Lower 
Silurian period, but to what division has not yet been determined, 
for no other organisms than Graptolites have been found in them. 
There were good grounds for believing that with a more minute 
examination other organisms will yet be found. He had found what 
he believed to be the head of a small Trilgbite at a place called 
Dobb’s Linn, and the mark of a small bivalve shell at Garple Linn; 
but both of these were so imperfect, that they could not be specifically 
determined. They held out hopes, however, that others in a better 
state of preservation may yet be found. The Graptolites that Mr. 
Brown had collected belonged to four distinct genera; namely, 
Rastrites (1 species), Graptolites (8 species), Diplograpsus (8 species), 
and Didymograpsus sextans. He had also found three species that 
are yet undetermined. 
Mr. ALEXANDER SOMERVILLE read a paper on the Ganoid Fishes of 
the Mid-Lothian Coal-field, in which he stated that the Ganoid Fishes 
are characterised by their cartilaginous skeleton, their bodies being 
covered and protected by bony plates or enamelled scales, either of a 
round or rhomboidal form. He remarked that the genera belonging 
to the Paleozoic formations had the tail or caudal fin heterocereal or 
unequally lobed—a structure produced by the vertebrz being pro- 
longed into the upper lobe of the tail, which is much larger than 
the lower. He stated that this order of Fishes is still represented 
in our present waters by the Sturgeon, the Lepidosteus, and the 
Polypterus. Ue then gave a description of the following genera 
occurring in the Coal-field of Mid-Lothian:—the Khizodus, Urone- 
